Risk management in public procurement for innovation: the case of Nordic–Baltic Sea cities

State support for innovation in enterprises has been long-standing. One of the specific support measures is public procurement for innovation, which has only recently re-emerged in academic discussion as well as in the European policy discourse. While the spillovers from this type of innovation policy measure may be substantial, the complex processes underlying the support for innovation through public procurement are associated with high risks. We take an exploratory approach to determine the state of practice of risk management in public procurement for innovation at the local level. Five case studies, which were selected as representative cases of the Nordic–Baltic Sea region in Europe, were analyzed. We found that the cities were, for the most part, actively involved in risk identification; the risks are primarily being met with mixed contracting strategies rather than comprehensive risk management tools.     

日韩政府采购促进自主创新特色研究

在当前财政部暂停政府采购促进自主创新相关政策的大背景下,对日韩两国政府采购促进自主创新的主要特色进行了研究:日本以扶持中小企业、韩国以推行电子化政府采购为主,都对本国的自主创新有显著促进。日韩的政策给我们以借鉴和启示:将政府采购促进自主创新的意图体现到扶持中小企业、优先购买国货等其他相关的法律、政策当中;强化全民在政府采购中保护自主创新的意识;找准突破口,以点带面,通过政府采购,全面促进国家自主创新。     

论高校政府采购与招投标管理长效机制的建立与完善

以往,高校招标采购存在多头管理、随意性大和规模效益难以优化等问题,高校政府采购与招投标制度建设的创新与完善,可以从建立招投标管理常设机构、准备工作规范、采购预算的编制与执行、招标采购审计制度、项目验收机制的不断健全、建立采购项目绩效评价机制等方面入手。     

面临汇率和供应风险的双渠道采购决策研究

多渠道采购是制造商降低采购风险的有效手段之一。本文考虑一个制造商向两个供应商进行联合采购的最优决策问题。其中本土(国内)供应商价格稳定,但供应不可靠;母国(国外)供应商供应可靠,但实际价格受汇率波动影响。本文研究了制造商在风险厌恶情形下的最优联合采购决策,并与风险中性情形进行了比较。研究表明,风险中性制造商只会向一个供应商采购;而风险厌恶制造商的采购决策会受到供应可靠性、汇率的波动以及两者相关关系的影响。具体来说,当产品合格率和汇率相对独立时,风险厌恶的制造商倾向于单渠道采购;当合格率和汇率相关时则可能选择双渠道采购以分散风险。数值实验表明,双渠道采购可以有效降低制造商的损失风险。     

Investigating the implementation of SME-friendly policy in public procurement

Public sector employees with responsibility for purchasing are under increasing pressure to implement small and medium enterprise (SME)-friendly policies. Such policies are intended to make it easier for SMEs to compete for and win public sector contracts. In spite of the socio-economic importance of this issue, there remains a dearth of evidence on what is happening in practice. Using primary survey data from 271 public buyers in Ireland, this paper examines the extent to which SME-friendly procurement policy is being implemented and the individual and organization factors that affect implementation. The findings reveal a gap between what government policy recommends public buyers and their organizations should do to facilitate SMEs versus what they are actually doing. Policy familiarity, procurement involvement, organization size and the maturity of the procurement function are shown to be positively associated with the implementation of SME-friendly policy. For managers and legislators, the findings underline the need to invest in the human capital dimension of public procurement if policy implementation rates are to improve.     

不同突发事件下进口原油采购策略

石油对经济生活的重要性不言而喻,中国原油的高对外依存度及集中的进口来源区域引起我们对能源安全的广泛关注,如何有效最小化国际原油价格波动和供应短缺或中断带来的风险,制定突发事件影响下的最佳采购策略是我们必需关注的焦点,但目前结合突发事件的采购策略研究还不足。论文通过采用符合中国原油进口习惯的月度数据,建立了突发事件下的CVaR模型,综合考虑价格波动、供应中断造成的GDP冲击和战略石油储备因素,分析三种不同突发事件情景下的原油进口采购策略。研究表明：当预期中东区域出现危机时,非洲和欧洲/俄罗斯是增加采购量的理想选择,若迪拜价格波动不剧烈,亚太采购量也可适当增加;对于仅仅只有价格变动,动用战略石油储备降低风险有限,只有当供给中断时,动用战略储备才能发挥巨大的降低风险,更好的减少对国民经济冲击的作用。本文在最小化原油进口风险值且同时考虑进口来源多样化、风险、成本及价格变动率的情况下,构建的基于CVaR的应急原油进口采购策略模型,丰富了该领域的研究成果,为中国原油进口采购策略提供了具体可操作的参考。     

一类具有补偿的采购供应链中供应商R&D投资决策分析

在建立具有补偿的采购供应链R&D投资规模调控模型的基础上,对采购中供应商的R&D投资决策均衡进行研究,着重探讨采购商的决策偏好和供应商的行动顺序对投资均衡的影响。所得结论表明:在一定的条件下,供应商对R&D项目的投资均衡为采购商所希望的均衡,但是,当采购商对供应商的投资行为存在决策偏好时,无论供应商先行动还是后行动,供应商的投资均衡将会偏离采购商所希望的均衡。     

中国企业战略管理行为的情景嵌入式研究

伴随着中国经济的迅速崛起和中国企业的巨大需要,国内战略学者急需增加自信和采取更加符合中国实际的研究视角.根据中国经济转型所表现出的渐进性、分权式和试验性的特点及其对中国企业经营环境和战略行为的影响,强调应该对转型期中国企业战略管理行为进行情景嵌入式的研究,重点分析制度影响、共同演化和例外企业,从而使我国战略学者在知识创新和指导实践2个方面实现根本性的提升.     

Contestability and social justice: The limits of competitive tendering of welfare services

Abstract

This paper critically analyses competitive tendering as a model for the provision of welfare services. Competitive tendering, driven by National Competition Policy and other imperatives for greater efficiency and a smaller public sector, is now used extensively by governments to fund welfare services. However, the suitability of this funding model to welfare services generally, and specifically welfare services in non-metropolitan areas, can be criticised on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Competitive tendering is grounded in economic rationalist, urbo-centric assumptions that are largely inappropriate for welfare provision, and have limited validity in rural areas. There is little rigorous empirical evidence of improved efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery under this model. Conversely, there is mounting evidence about the negative impacts. In rural areas this includes the erosion of community service obligations, less collaboration and greater secrecy between agencies, the reduction of choice, limited opportunities for local planning, cost shifting, and threats to continuity of care. This paper concludes with a call for greater application of the ‘public benefit’ test under the provisions of the National Competition Policy, and the development of more sophisticated frameworks for assessing the contestability of welfare services. Social workers have a leading role to play in challenging the dominant ideology of competition-orientated welfare reforms.     

管理者风险态度对系统能力受损后的应急采购决策影响研究

通信、电力和石化等大型运作系统核心能力受损后的应急期间内,管理者并非遵循风险规避的准则进行决策,为降低应急管理的成本,管理者是否应该采取激进或者保守的态度？为验证该观点,本文在文献[3]研究的基础上进行了拓展,在伙伴企业应急期间提供快速和正常两种能力支援的情境下,将管理者风险态度引入能力应急采购的决策问题。通过理论证明和数值仿真,本文得到了3个有益的应急管理结论:管理者的风险态度并不是越激进越好,"极端事件下采取双源供应"并非最优选择,应急期间管理者应首要考虑获得伙伴企业的能力恢复技术支援。