试析我国农村公共产品供给问题——现状评估与体制创新

本文对我国农村公共产品的供给现状进行评估,从政府投入、供给体制方面进行了分析,得出我国农村公共产品供给体制中存在的制度缺陷,最后从完善需求表达和供给决策机制、建立供给财政保障机制和创新供给方式方面提出改进的对策建议。     

农村公共品提供政府主体缺位的制度分析

农村公共品提供政府主体缺位,是当前农村公共品提供中存在最根本的问题。从表象上看农村公共品提供中存在的问题,如:财政用于农村公共品提供的转移支付规模过小;地方政府在提供农村公共品上缺乏动力;实际提供的农村公共品结构不合理,本质上都源于相关制度即政府官员行为诱导机制、农村居民对公共品需求的表达机制以及自上而下的农村公共品提供制度供给模式中存在的问题。致使农村公共品提供机制在运行中扭曲,并进一步引致农村公共品提供政府主体缺位。     

能促型国家的角色:事业单位的改革与非营利部门的转型

随着中国市场转型的深化,事业单位的全面改革已经提上议事日程。在市场经济中,民间非营利组织构成公共部门和营利部门之外的第三部门,在社会生活中扮演了重要角色。作为计划经济体系的遗产,事业单位在整个非营利部门中占据主导地位,但近年来出现了走向企业化和民营化的变革。在事业单位的改革过程中,国家扮演能力促进的角色至关重要。一方面,建立一个规范的非营利组织监管体系是当务之急;另一方面,国家也可以通过种种手段,培育民间非营利组织自主发展的能力。     

以余额宝为例浅析当代网络消费文化的变迁

自余额宝推出以来,关于余额宝相关问题的研究一直是学界的热点,尤其是金融方面的学术研究百花争鸣。本文以余额宝在社会文化这一维度的影响和启示为切入点,概述了余额宝产生发展的情况,以余额宝的视角分析了当代网络消费文化的新特征,并阐述了对引导当代网络消费文化健康发展的思考。     

The disability self‐direction movement: Considering the benefits and challenges for an Australian response

The following article provides a snapshot of the current self‐direction movement within the disability sector across the industrialised world, with particular emphasis on the Australian context. As a global movement, self‐direction has been in progress for several decades through a variety of implemented responses. Despite implementation variation, all self‐direction models aim to facilitate individual control and decision making in care and support services. We describe self‐direction, its various models and programs, and explore its benefits and challenges. We conclude by making broad recommendations for decision makers involved in self‐direction. In particular, we offer a hierarchical decision tree that can be used to inform policy decisions at a systems – government policy – and organisational level.     

消费者废旧品回收行为研究现状及展望

随着人们环保意识的不断增强，废旧品回收再利用问题13益受到重视，而消费者废旧品回收行为是决定废旧品回收效率的关键因素之一，它已逐渐成为学术界的关注热点。目前取得的研究成果可以概括为三个方面：消费者废旧品回收行为影响因素、消费者废旧品回收行为分析方法和基于消费者废旧品回收行为研究分析提高废旧品回收率。消费者废旧品回收行为影响因素包括激励因素、承诺因素和人口统计特征因素，而分析方法又有TRA分析方法、TPB分析方法和扩展TPB分析方法，基于以上分析，研究者提出了多种分析模型以提高废旧品回收率。为提高研究成果的现实针对性，应进一步扩大调查样本，定量研究影响因素与实际回收行为的关联性，且娶结合我国消静者的实际情况展开研究。     

The compatibility of durable goods with contingent generic consumables

Many durable products provide value only when used together with contingent services or consumable components, e.g. light fixtures (bulbs), printers (ink), electronics (batteries). Consumers need only have access to the contingent consumable components to continue to derive service from a durable. In fact, many firms rely primarily upon the revenues generated from the contingent services or consumables as the primary source of profitability, e.g. giving away the razors to make money on the blades. Such firms often invest considerable effort into making sure that consumers of their durables are held captive to their own branded consumables by impeding their access to generically available consumables. They do so by designing their products in such a way that they are not readily compatible with the generic consumables. We consider the implications of competition from third-party manufacturers that can provide generic consumables and the manufacturer’s production decisions of a durable good under such contingencies. This allows us to draw managerial insights about how a firm should decide on his product compatibility and production quantity when the generic contingent consumables enter the market.     

Consumer Direction in Community-Based Long-Term Care

Abstract

Recently, a growing number of community-based long term care programs have been incorporating a concept of consumer direction (CD). Consumer Direction allows long-term care consumers to take more active roles in their care management, by hiring, training, supervising, and firing care providers. A limited number of existing studies show that CD consumers indeed feel they have more choice and control over their care compared to those under the traditional model. However, other studies show problematic working conditions for care providers under CD. Questions also remain unanswered regarding how CD effects different important stakeholders, including family caregivers, formal paid caregivers, and governments. More research, administrative, and practice efforts are needed to ensure CD can benefit all sectors of communities.     

论当代西方天主教新自然法理论

新自然法理论是当代西方天主教最重要、最有影响的伦理学思潮之一。新自然法理论的主要内容包括其关于实践理性的第一原则、基本人类善、道德第一原则和居间原则(责任模式或实践理性的基本要求)以及道德规范等方面。新自然法理论是建立在阿奎那的自然法学说之上的,是对阿奎那有关观念的重新解读与具体的阐发。     

Expenditure Differences of University Degree Holders Across Occupational Sectors in Malaysia

This study was motivated by the key role university degree holders play in Malaysia's vision for the future and by concerns expressed about the drift of university degree holders from one sector to another. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 400 Malaysian families that had at least one member who held a university degree. The objective was to elicit details of the household economic situation of respondents, with special reference to the differences in expenditure patterns between families whose degree holder worked in higher education, government, or the private sector.Results of tobit analysis of expenditures show that there are some differences between the sectors regarding expenditure patterns, but the differences are not as great as expected. Nevertheless, university-educated persons in the private sector seem to have somewhat different expenditure patterns than their counterparts in other sectors.