三星堆青铜纵目面具与铜兽首冠人像的藏文化解读

This article is the fourth article re-lated to the research of “Zhangzhung·rGyalron· Sanxingdui and Jinsha”—Tibetan cultural interpre-tations of relics unearthed in Sanxingdui and Jin-sha. The main focus of the article is Tibetan cul-tural interpretations of the vertical-eyed bronze mask and the copper statue of a man with an ani-mal head crown in Sanxingdui Museum. 1 . Vertical-eyed bronze mask and Miwo Lon-glong The bronze cultural relics unearthed in Sanx-ingdui or even Jinsha have broad and deep links to ancient Tibetan culture. The vertical-eyed bronze mask is the most typical of the numerous bronze objects depicting human heads. In the following discussion, we would like to give an interpretation of the symbolic meaning of the bronze objects de-picting human heads. In order to draw inferences about other cases from one instance, we would like to choose two typical cases: choosing the vertical-eyed bronze mask as our model of cultural relic, and choosing langshi jiazu ( the Lang family clan) as our model of Tibetan ancient literature. It is generally stated that the eyes of the verti-cal-eyed bronze mask kept in Sanxingdui museum roughly meets the appearance of the Shu people ’ s ancestors, the Cancong, who are recorded as hav-ing “vertical eyes” in the historical books. Some people also believe that “vertical eyes” means“upright eyes”, just like the eye in the forehead of the God Erlang in Chinese ancient myth, so the image might be a statue of an ancestor god. Addi-tionally, some connect it with the frontlet of kuilong ( a sacred dragon in Chinese myth ) , and believe that it is related to zhulong( another sacred dragon in Chinese myth) who has a human head, a dragon ( snake) body, and “upright eyes”. Langshi Jiazu is an important document for studying the political and religious unification sys-tem in Tibetan areas during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, meanwhile, it is also an essential material for the study of the Gesar Epic. Langshi Jiazu was published by Xizang renmin chubanshe ( Tibet People ’ s Publishing House ) for the first time in May, 1986, and the whole book is com-posed of three parts. From the perspective of the ancient Indian centralism and Tibetan centralism, Langshi Jiazu has many unique parts, and its con-tent has an unusual connection with rGyarong in the southeastern part of Tibetan areas. For in-stance , the content of the fist part is very similar to shengniao xiongqiongwang zhuang ( Biography of the Sacred Bird Garuda) recently discovered in the rGyarong area. There is a myth in Langshi Jiazu, and the sto-ry is very common in Bon literature. The academic circle calls it the Bon religion’ s view on the crea-tion of world—the universe is oviparous. Most scholars believe that the view of oviparous creation of the world in Bon religion might be Tibetan peo-ple’ s own cognition. We provide translations to some content included in the Langshi Jiazu, and compare them with the vertical-eyed bronze mask, and notice some information which has been ig-
nored by the current academic circle. For in-stance, the vertical-eyed bronze mask symbolizes“”, Chinese phonetic translation Miwo Longlong, which means “may all your wishes be-come truth”. 2 . Copper statue of a man with an animal head crown in the Bon Religion The copper statue of a man with an animal head crown kept in Sanxingdui Museum is not com-plete, with only the upper part of the body remai-ning. The statue wears an animal head crown. On the two sides of the top crown, there stands two an-imal ears, in between of which there is a curly decoration which looks like an elephant ’ s nose. Apart from the previously-mentioned characteris-tics of the sacred bird Gaguda, the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown also has several other outstanding features, for instance, its crown and posture. The crown is not only high, but also has a rectangular hole, on the top of which there are three long strips. The statue is posed in a grasping gesture. This paper gives firstly an overall interpreta-tion of the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown according to the shengniao xiongqiong-wang zhuang, then gives a Tibetan cultural inter-pretation of the details of the statue. Concerning the knowledge of the three long strips on the crown of the copper statue, this article finds some clues from the angle of philology and archaeology, and proves that the origin of this crown is the sacred hat in Bon religion of Tibet. Moreover, this article also discusses the reason why the crown has these three strips on top of it. The author mentions that it is related to the sacred bird Garuda, and the three strips respectively represent the two wings and horn of the bird. In other words, the strips on the right and left side symbolizes the bird opening its wings and viewing the world, while the strip in the mid-
dle symbolizes that the sacred bird is male, not fe-male. From one aspect, the head dress of adult women in the rGyarong area symbolizes the sacred bird Garuda, and from another aspect, in Tibetan culture, including rGyarong culture, only the sa-cred male bird Garuda has the horn. That means the sacred bird Garuda with a horn must be a male one. Concerning the vertical-eyed bronze mask and the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown unearthed in Sanxingdui, there are still many details that need to be explored, and also we feel that it could be differently interpreted. Howev-er, due to the limitations of space, we will not do a long discussion here, but we do hope that from the examples provided in this article, one can draw inferences about other cases from this one in-stance.     

基于系统动力学的体系作战能力生成模式研究

加快转变军队作战能力生成模式是信息化条件下军队转型和科学发展的重要目标。本文运用系统动力学的反馈分析方法,建立了系统超循环结构,构造了体系作战能力生成模式的系统动力学模型,应用Vensim软件进行了模拟仿真,并对不同的政策调控进行分析,结果表明,所建立模型能有效提示部队体系作战能力生成系统的基本运行机理,为部队建设的科学发展提供理论参考和决策依据。     

Remanufacturing and the Component Commonality Decision

Firms often determine whether or not to make components common across products by focusing on the manufacturing and sales of new products only. However, component commonality decisions that ignore remanufacturing can adversely affect the profitability of the firm. In this article we analyze how remanufacturing could reverse the OEM's commonality decision that is based on the manufacturing and sales of new products only. Specifically, we determine the conditions under which the OEM's optimal decision on commonality may be reversed and illustrate how her profit can be significantly higher if remanufacturing is taken into account ex ante. We illustrate the implementation of our model for two products in the Apple iPad family.     

区间参数智能梁结构闭环系统动态特性分析

以区间参数压电智能梁结构为研究对象,建立了基于位移反馈控制结构闭环系统动态特性分析的有限元模型。在材料物理参数和几何尺寸等为区间变量时,分析了结构质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的不确定性。并从求解结构振动动态特性的Rayleigh商出发,利用区间变量运算法则推导出了结构闭环系统固有频率的数字特征表达式。通过算例,考察了区间参数对结构固有频率特性的影响,并验证了所建模型和方法的可行性与合理性。研究结果表明,利用区间系数分析法来研究压电智能梁结构闭环系统的动态特性具有一定的工程应用价值。     

地方政府融资平台现状及发展策略——基于四川省某融资平台公司调查分析

针对目前传统的机车信号测试环线安装在钢轨内侧腰部存在一定的磁屏蔽、安装相对不是很容易、施工钢轨穿孔困难等缺点,结合具体施工等实际因素,设计并实现了一种成本较为低廉、安装方便、削弱构成磁屏蔽的一种机车信号测试环线支架法。该方法采用自主设计,特定加工的环线支架固定在钢轨上,环线通过支架安装在钢轨外侧,高度基本与钢轨高度水平。实践证明,这种环线支架法较之前传统的安装方式使用效果良好、信号检测稳定,设计经过实践检验基本合理,能满足机车信号的正常检测,在一定程度上优化了设计,方便了施工,达到了预期目标。     

汉代青铜器美学思想在现代铜艺设计中的传承与创新

汉代的青铜器已经开始摆脱礼制的束缚,向着生活化的方向发展。汉代青铜器在尺度、技术、纹饰等方面都对汉人审美的多样性进行了体现。在汉代青铜器中充分考虑了文化的意蕴,其所包含的美学思想对现代铜艺设计形成了重要的影响,并在现代铜艺设计中不断传承与创新。     

铜文化视角下的铜陵文化旅游产业发展研究

文化旅游是旅游业发展的一个崭新而又具有巨大发展潜力的领域。铜陵有着悠久而又丰富独特的铜文化资源,完全可以利用它来开拓铜陵的文化旅游产业。当前的主要工作是深度发掘、充分利用铜陵铜文化资源,同时结合铜陵地域文化资源,认真进行文化旅游产品的开发、设计与文化旅游资源的整合利用,努力发展慢旅游等深度体验旅游形式,推进旅游产业的科技化、智能化,促进旅游人才素质和服务水平的提高。     

灰色聚类分析在延边东部地区矿产预测中的应用

以延边东部金铜矿产勘查资料为例,讨论了矿产预测中的灰色聚类分析的计算方法。该方法弥补了数理统计中的聚类分析方法在解决实际问题时只根据随机抽样的观测数据进行数字分类,而忽视了客观实际的不足,对地质找矿工作具有较大的实用性。     

钢筋粘结滑移对钢筋混凝土墩柱抗震性能影响

为了研究钢筋粘结滑移对钢筋混凝土墩柱在地震荷载下的弹塑性滞回性能的影响,采用有限元OpenSEES对试验墩柱进行了有限元数值模拟,同时参数分析了在改变墩柱延性、钢筋屈服强度、混凝土的约束以及加载历程对粘结滑移曲率的影响。分析结果表明：考虑钢筋粘结滑移的模型能较好地反映滞回曲线的“捏拢”效应以及墩柱强度与刚度的退化作用,与实际结果模拟较好,可供钢筋混凝土墩柱数值模拟和地震反应分析参考。     

双线性对快速计算中的多项式选取

针对Miller算法的循环次数,分析了循环控制多项式的性质,得出某些类的循环控制多项式的次数的下限。在此基础上,给出适合于双线性对的椭圆曲线的相关参数的选取方法。最后,给出利用不可约分因子来生成适合于双线性对的椭圆曲线时,Miller算法的循环次数达到理论下限的充分必要条件。