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41.
西方国家高校组织的自主权是通过大学内部立法、决策领导、组织协调、咨询等办学活动来实现的。大学自治组织系统主要由董事会 (校务会 )、校长、评议会等组成。校长由董事会 (校务会 )选举或产生 ,代表其行使学校决策及日常事务管理。大学自治组织一般拥有组织教学、筹集经费、开展学术研究、人事使用等权力 ,而这些权力的行使一方面要受到大学内部各种权力系统、管理层以及利益集团的制约 ,同时还要受到来自大学外部的各种专门组织和社会团体的监督 相似文献
42.
英语语用能力的培养 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李文敬 《南京理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,15(1):72-75
语用学研究的是在一定实际环境下说出的话语的意义。即语境对话语的理解有着干涉作用。在外语教学中,不仅要重视语言技能的训练,还要重视语用能力的培养。 相似文献
43.
高等学校专业设置工作刍议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钟凯凯 《浙江海洋学院学报(人文科学版)》2003,20(2):77-79
当前,在大规模扩招和扩大办学自主权的背景下,高等学校专业设置的重要性越来越凸现。为切实做好高等学校的专业设置工作,避免盲目性与随意性,需要转变观念,充分论证,组织力量进行“前端设计”;加强科学性与民主性的决策,充分发挥学术权力作用,并正确运用行政权力;同时,在按设计方案进行操作中,要以专业设置工作贯穿于其它各项工作之中进行。 相似文献
44.
Xiaomo Jiang 《Journal of applied statistics》2008,35(1):49-65
Multivariate model validation is a complex decision-making problem involving comparison of multiple correlated quantities, based upon the available information and prior knowledge. This paper presents a Bayesian risk-based decision method for validation assessment of multivariate predictive models under uncertainty. A generalized likelihood ratio is derived as a quantitative validation metric based on Bayes’ theorem and Gaussian distribution assumption of errors between validation data and model prediction. The multivariate model is then assessed based on the comparison of the likelihood ratio with a Bayesian decision threshold, a function of the decision costs and prior of each hypothesis. The probability density function of the likelihood ratio is constructed using the statistics of multiple response quantities and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed methodology is implemented in the validation of a transient heat conduction model, using a multivariate data set from experiments. The Bayesian methodology provides a quantitative approach to facilitate rational decisions in multivariate model assessment under uncertainty. 相似文献
45.
The authors consider the optimal design of sampling schedules for binary sequence data. They propose an approach which allows a variety of goals to be reflected in the utility function by including deterministic sampling cost, a term related to prediction, and if relevant, a term related to learning about a treatment effect To this end, they use a nonparametric probability model relying on a minimal number of assumptions. They show how their assumption of partial exchangeability for the binary sequence of data allows the sampling distribution to be written as a mixture of homogeneous Markov chains of order k. The implementation follows the approach of Quintana & Müller (2004), which uses a Dirichlet process prior for the mixture. 相似文献
46.
We compare husbands' and wives' views of the wantedness of their most recent pregnancy in the Philippines, a country where relatively high levels of unintended fertility persist. This research is an extension of earlier work that looked separately at individual men's and women's responses. We analyze survey data for 369 couples and find that those most at risk of experiencing a pregnancy that neither spouse wanted tended to be higher parity couples, those who were more fatalistic, those who were practicing Catholics who attended religious services frequently, and those among whom the husband was the sole breadwinner. Higher parity women and older women were also more apt to experience a pregnancy that was wanted by only 1 spouse. Women who had difficulty discussing sexual matters with their husbands were more likely than other women to have a pregnancy that their husbands wanted but they did not. 相似文献
47.
胡冬梅 《贵州工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,(3)
语言是人类交流的重要手段,而会话中的无语同样能传达丰富的信息,甚至是语言难以传达的信息。然而在实际交际中,不同地区、不同文化背景中的人对无语的态度和理解有着明显的差异,这些差异的产生与文化密不可分。分析产生这些差异的文化因素,旨在帮助人们从本质上理解会话中的无语在不同文化中的交际功能,从而提高跨文化交际的有效性和成功性。 相似文献
48.
To ascertain the viability of a project, undertake resource allocation, take part in bidding processes, and other related decisions, modern project management requires forecasting techniques for cost, duration, and performance of a project, not only under normal circumstances, but also under external events that might abruptly change the status quo. We provide a Bayesian framework that provides a global forecast of a project's performance. We aim at predicting the probabilities and impacts of a set of potential scenarios caused by combinations of disruptive events, and using this information to deal with project management issues. To introduce the methodology, we focus on a project's cost, but the ideas equally apply to project duration or performance forecasting. We illustrate our approach with an example based on a real case study involving estimation of the uncertainty in project cost while bidding for a contract. 相似文献
49.
试从关联理论角度看语用翻译 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
俞维玲 《合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2003,17(2):110-114
文章根据关联理论的明示-推理交际模式,提出了语用翻译实际上是双明示-推理的交际过程,是涉及到原文作者、译者、译文读者三个交际主体的动态的三元翻译,并探讨了认知语用学的关联理论对语用翻译的启发和指导意义,进而尝试将关联理论的研究成果应用于解决翻译实践中的文化、语用类问题。 相似文献
50.
网络环境下文献检索课教学改革的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
夏萍 《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,(3):57-58
网络环境对文献检索课的教学提出了更高的要求。本文分析了当前文献检索课所存在的问题 ,并指出了今后的发展方向 相似文献