基于反向物流的商品定价和退货政策研究

综述了基于反向物流的商品定价和退货政策的最新研究成果。在此基础上,通过建立模型,对基于反向物流的商品定价策略和退货政策进行了进一步的研究,并求出了商品的最优价格和最优退货价格。基于模型,对管理提出了一些建议。最后指出了将来可能的研究方向。     

对当代大学生就业问题的理性思考

当前毕业生存在的就业问题，究竟是“人才过剩”，还是有其它制约因素?文章分析了较为严峻的就业形势和较为普遍的“有业不就”的现状，提出了转变观念，摆正心态，调整结构，对接需求，畅通渠道，完善体制的理性思考。     

流动性约束与消费行为关系的实证研究

流动性约束是指资本市场的资金流动具有单向性,流动性约束的存在可以提高储蓄水 平,降低当期累积消费. 通过三阶段生命期界的最优消费模型,证明了流动性约束的定量存在, 并通过实证检验发现,我国消费总量中受流动性约束影响的比例达到83. 46 %. 因此,增强信 贷市场的流动性,对于扩张有效需求将起重要作用.     

需求不确定下的补偿策略理论模型

在需求不确定的前提条件下就供应商对销售商的补偿策略进行了深入研究,建立了包 含风险偏好的补偿策略理论模型. 在该理论模型的基础上,运用数值分析的手段分析了风险偏 好对供应链中参与者决策行为的影响,为供应链决策者制定合理的决策提供了科学依据. 最 后,结合我国国情,重点讨论如何在我国正确实施补偿策略.     

A shelf-space optimization model when demand is stochastic and space-elastic

The more customer demand is impulse-driven, the more it is space-dependent and the more it is subject to variation. We investigate the corresponding problem of retail shelf-space planning when demand is stochastic and sensitive to the number and position of facings. We develop a model to maximize a retailer׳s profit by selecting the number of facings and their shelf position under the assumption of limited space. The model is particularly applicable to promotional or temporary products.We develop the first optimization model and solution approach that takes stochastic demand into account, since the current literature applies deterministic models for shelf-space planning. By the means of an innovative modeling approach for the case with space- and positioning effects and the conversion of our problem into a mixed-integer problem, we obtain optimal results within very short run times for large-scale instances relevant in practice. Furthermore, we develop a solution approach to account for cross-space elasticity, and solve it using an own heuristic, which efficiently yields near-optimal results. We demonstrate that correctly considering space elasticity and demand variation is essential. The corresponding impacts on profits and solution structures become even more significant when space elasticity and stochastic demand interact, resulting in up to 5% higher profits and up to 80% differences in solution structures, if both effects are correctly accounted for. We develop an efficient modeling approach, compare the model results with approaches applied in practice and derive rules-of-thumb for planners.     

A delay-in-payment contract for Pareto improvement of a supply chain with stochastic demand

We consider a supply chain consisting of a single supplier and a single retailer with stochastic customer demand, which is operated over an infinite horizon. We propose a delay-in-payment contract to coordinate the supply chain. With this contract, the supplier allows the retailer to pay partial order cost at the ordering epoch, and to pay the remaining portion after a permissible number of periods. The system is formulated as a stochastic dynamic programming problem. It is shown that there exists a base-stock policy to be optimal. Compared with the traditional wholesale-price contract, the delay-in-payment contract with appropriate parameters can achieve a Pareto improvement (i.e., the performances of both the supplier and the retailer using the delay-in-payment contract are better than those using the wholesale-price contract). Numerical studies are performed to investigate both the effectiveness of the Pareto improvement, and the impact of the major parameters of the delay-in-payment contract on the system performance.     

How to Evaluate Government Performance while Building a Rule of Law Government in China*

Building a law-based government is a central element of the comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law in China, while using evaluation to catalyze growth is in line with the incentive principle of management studies. Since China started to implement reform and opening up over thirty years ago, rule of law development and organizational evaluation have gone through several stages, each with different characteristics. Efforts to build a law-based government have met with success, but what the country now has is essentially still goal-oriented assessment. At present, this suffers from the lack of a clear goal orientation or definition of functions, an imperfect technical system and unsound motivation mechanisms, not to mention the practical problems of each government department going its own way, duplicating evaluations or being left rudderless. Drawing on a combination of value rationality and instrumental rationality and using government performance evaluation to promote the building of a law-based government not only conforms to the spirit of the rule of law and value rationality in government performance, but also strengthens the role of evaluation as an instrument for organizational management. Therefore, we need to create new evaluation theories, expand public participation, introducing diversified evaluating entities, improve technical systems, strengthen institutional buildup, and foster a performance-based culture. In addition, replacing goal-oriented assessment with performance evaluation will help the emergence of a new discipline—the performance evaluation of rule of law government, thus promoting multidisciplinary efforts to integrate and create new public administration theories in China.     

Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study

Sleep problems are common and impair the health and productivity of employees. Work characteristics constitute one possible cause of sleep problems, and sleeping poorly might influence wellbeing and performance at work. This study examines the reciprocal associations between sleep problems and psychosocial work characteristics. The participants were 1744 full-time employed individuals (56% women; mean age 38 years in 2007) from the Young Finns study who responded to questionnaires on work characteristics (conceptualised by the demand–control model and effort–reward imbalance model) and sleep problems (Jenkins Sleep Scale) in 2007 and 2012. Cross-lagged structural equation models are used to examine the associations. The results show that low control and low rewards at baseline predicted sleep problems. Baseline sleep problems predicted higher effort, higher effort–reward imbalance, and lower reward. Sleep problems also predicted lower odds for belonging to the low (rather than high) job strain group and active jobs group. The association between work characteristics and sleep problems appears to be reciprocal, with a stressful work environment increasing sleep problems, and sleep problems influencing future work characteristics. The results emphasise the importance of interventions aimed at both enhancing sleep quality and reducing psychosocial risks at work.     

浅谈行动导向教学法在教学中的实践

主要以怠速控制阀的结构、原理及检测学习任务为例,阐述了如何在教学中实践以培养关键能力为核心的"行动导向教学法"。