农村自娱文化与互动文化对宗教的挤出效应差异

根据世俗化理论、俱乐部模型、精神合作社假说，本文利用在河南农村的调研数据研究了自娱文化、互动文化供给与村民信教之间的关系。分析村级和农户调查数据可得：对于村庄而言，互动文化供给增加比自娱文化供给增加能够更显著地降低村庄内信教比例；对于农户而言，互动文化供给增加显著降低了农户宗教选择概率与参与程度，而自娱文化供给则与农户信教呈现共生性。这说明，农村互动文化供给比自娱文化供给对宗教信仰的挤出效应更强。     

Network governance among actors involved in the government’s contracting out of foster care services: A case study in China

The government's contracting out of foster care services in Guangzhou, China, introduced the possibility of partnerships between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government-led human services. To understand network governance among actors involved in contracting out foster care services, service funders, service providers, and service users were interviewed. A thematic analysis of interviews combined with a critical review of archival data was conducted. Drawing from the policy network governance analytic framework, we found that network governance conditions in contracting out foster care services were characterized by close interdependence among actors, moderate standardization in work duties, but nonreciprocal patterns of interactions, and low to modest levels of autonomy, along with strong power in the government but limited self-governance among NGOs and foster families. Our findings indicate that network governance was not fully achieved among actors involved in the contracting out of foster care services. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

少数民族教育发展中的因富辍学悖论问题——以云南省沿边经济林区为例

因富辍学为当下少数民族教育发展中的一个典型特案.基于此,本文立足于云南省沿边经济林区少数民族教育的实证调研,就少数民族教育发展中的因富辍学悖论问题,进行了相关学理性辩证关系探讨."因富辍学"现象在云南沿边经济林区较为突出,有其悖论性,也有其非悖论性.悖论性在于,在公众的一般认识中,一个"边少"地区,在经济发展水平上必然会与"贫困"对应,"因富辍学"让人费解;非悖论性在于,特殊地域与特殊民情背后的辍学原因实有其特殊性,该地带处于小乘佛教特殊文化区,佛教教育有其影响力,所以接受教育的选择是世俗教育与宗教教育同行.再者,世俗教育专业课程设置并未体现"学以致用"的功能价值,致使"学"与"用"脱节,导致"读书无用论"泛起.     

Reducing midwife burnout at organisational level — Midwives need time,space and a positive work-place culture

BackgroundMaternity care organisations have a responsibility to ensure the health and welfare of their staff. Rates of burnout are high in midwifery compared to other professionals. Therefore, exploring how it can be reduced is imperative.AimTo explore with midwives the contributors to burnout and how best to reduce burnout in a maternity hospital in Ireland.MethodsA Participatory Action Research study involving Co-operative Inquiry meetings (n = 5) with practising midwives (n = 21) between October 2018 and March 2019, in a large, urban teaching maternity hospital in Ireland. The transcribed data were analysed using Thematic Network Analysis.FindingsSeveral recommendations were made for maternity organisations, to reduce or prevent burnout. These include improving workplace culture, increasing support and acknowledgement, offering time and space for debriefing and reflection and regular rotation of staff. Consistent staff shortages are, however, a barrier to adhering to these recommendations.ConclusionThis study is the first of its kind to offer an in-depth exploration with midwives into the main contributors of burnout and what can be done at an organisational level to reduce burnout among midwives. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of working relationships. Additionally, owing to the nature of midwifery practice, time and space need to be created for midwives to debrief and reflect. However, there is an urgent need for healthcare systems to combat staffing shortages in order for these strategies to be successful.     

当前高校学风建设面临的新困境与新出路

当前高校学风建设出现新情况,表现出新特点,需要构建"以体制引领学风、以德育端正学风、以管理促进学风、以教风带动学风、以队伍支撑学风、以学术激活学风、以文化滋养学风、以典型示范学风、以考评激励学风、以助学保障学风"的,各方协调、全员参与、师生互动、保障有力的学风建设长效机制,来保证高校学风建设的健康发展.