农村土地制度改革及今后的完善思路

现代中国的农村土地制度进行了三次伟大变革,其基本成果就是现行农村土地制度;这一制度关系国之根本并具有其基本合理性,但也存在某些严重缺陷,应当以高度慎重的态度进行渐进式的改革完善。城乡二元体制是造成农村土地制度严重缺陷的首要根源,应当坚决摒弃。     

牧地承包经营权转让意愿影响因素研究——基于农户劳动力配置视角

基于西部3省731户农(牧)户的实地调研数据,从农(牧)户劳动力配置视角分析了牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明:务牧人口数、近三年务牧消耗、务牧技能水平等对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的负向影响;务工兼牧业人口数、务工技能水平和户均单位土地劳动投入对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的正向影响;务工人口数、户主受教育程度等对牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响不显著。     

中国的信息本体论研究

中国学者独立开展的信息哲学研究已逾30年,其中关于信息本体论问题的研究尤为突出。最具影响力和被广泛讨论的观点有:属性论、反映论、关系论、中介论和物质自身显示的间接存在论。在这些相关理论中尤以西安交通大学邬焜教授提出的物质自身显示的间接存在论理论最为系统化。正是邬焜教授相关理论的提出,将信息概念作为哲学的最基本范畴之一引入了哲学,使信息哲学成为一种真正意义上的区别于其它已有哲学的元哲学或最高哲学,从根本上改变了哲学基本问题的具体表述方式,实现了人类哲学的第一次根本转向。     

反性别本质主义的不同倾向及原因——中西女性主义文学批评比较

女性主义文学批评在反对性别本质主义的道路上表现出两种不同的倾向:模糊两性差异,强调两性之共同人性及承认两性差异,强调女性的特殊性。在长期的论争与批评实践中,西方的学者更多地选择了前者,而中国的学者更易于接受后者。其差异的原因:一是西方的二元对立与中国的阴阳调和对女性主义批评产生了不同的影响;二是中国传统的"孝亲"观对女性主义批评的影响;三是中西文明发展逻辑的差异对女性主义文学批评的影响(文化落差的影响)。另外,除了传统文化的影响,中西方女性主义文学批评的不同背景也是其产生差异的重要原因。     

象征性与探索性的结合--论俄国象征主义诗歌的艺术成就

俄国象征主义在艺术形式方面的成就主要表现为:象征性与探索性的结合.其象征性包括强调"应和"和重视多义性两个方面;探索性则表现为通过音乐性和视画性体现出来的在诗歌语言、音响、造型方面所做的大胆探索.二者的有机结合,既体现了俄国象征主义的艺术创新,也展示了其独特的艺术成就.     

What it means to be a ‘model minority’: voices of ethnic Koreans in Northeast China

Ethnic Koreans in China have been widely recognized as a ‘model minority’ primarily for academic success. Using the data collected as part of a larger ethnographic research on Korean elementary school students, this paper examines how 27 Korean families construct meaning out of the model minority stereotype in the context of their lived experience in Northeast China. Research results indicate that Koreans constructed the multi-faceted nature of ‘model minority’ as a matter of cultural superiority and dual economic marginalization in the Chinese and South Korean mainstream societies, and valued education as a practical means to achieve economic upward mobility into the Chinese mainstream. This paper argues that the model minority stereotype with the cultural explanations for Korean success may reinforce the cultural deficiency argument about the academic failure of ‘backward’ minorities, silence the disadvantages suffered by Koreans in China's reform period and lead to no active intervention to remedy them.     

预备立宪时期清政府的政体选择

预备立宪时期,在一部分官僚立宪派的推动下,清政府起初选择了日本式的二元君主制度政体,但后来由于形势的变化不得不向议会君主制政体转轨.就当时中国的情形而言,选择二元君主制政体有其历史的合理性.而议会君主制政体尽管是西方长期以来一种行之有效的制度设计,但对当时的中国而言却很难说是最佳的政体选择.     

一种用于Ad hoc网络的优化拥塞控制算法

从分析Adhoc网络的信息流竞争特点出发,引入了链路干扰集的概念,构建了一个基于链路干扰集的价格框架。在此框架中,某链路的拥塞信息被表示为此链路干扰集的总价格。并提出了相应的分布式平行算法-价格协同法PCA来求解在小时间段内网络状态不变的拥塞控制问题。同时,分析了PCA对网络状态变化的自适应性能。仿真结果表明,PCA能快速收敛到全局优化解,对网络状态的变化有较好的自适应能力,所获得的网络性能比TCP-Reno要优越得多。     

Dual‐Donor Organ Exchange

Owing to the worldwide shortage of deceased‐donor organs for transplantation, living donations have become a significant source of transplant organs. However, not all willing donors can donate to their intended recipients because of medical incompatibilities. These incompatibilities can be overcome by an exchange of donors between patients. For kidneys, such exchanges have become widespread in the last decade with the introduction of optimization and market design techniques to kidney exchange. A small but growing number of liver exchanges have also been conducted. Over the last two decades, a number of transplantation procedures emerged where organs from two living donors are transplanted to a single patient. Prominent examples include dual‐graft liver transplantation, lobar lung transplantation, and simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation. Exchange, however, has been neither practiced nor introduced in this context. We introduce dual‐donor organ exchange as a novel transplantation modality, and through simulations show that living‐donor transplants can be significantly increased through such exchanges. We also provide a simple theoretical model for dual‐donor organ exchange and introduce optimal exchange mechanisms under various logistical constraints.     

悲剧文化与生命的双重辩护——青年尼采生存论文化观探析

青年尼采的文化观是生存论性质的。陷于“绝望的真理”中的生命需要辩护,需要文化给予它何以生存的正当理由。希腊日神文化和酒神文化分别赋予了个体生活和永恒生活以正当性,而悲剧文化则同时给予尘世生活和形而上生活双重的辩护。悲剧文化的现代意义在于,在“宗教退潮”之后,它担当了宗教的救世功能。