欠发达地区技术进步与经济增长的实证研究——以甘肃省为例

欠发达地区经济增长由于受到市场化程度、资源配置效率、工业发展基础等影响,技术进步转化生产力方面并不高,经济增长效应不佳。通过用甘肃省经济数据拟合广义柯布-道格拉斯函数,计算出广义技术进步以及资本、劳动和技术进步对经济增长的贡献,得出甘肃省经济发展还处于高资本、劳动投入推动经济增长阶段,经济发展处于粗放型模式,科技进步转化效果并不明显。     

优化创新机制强化信息功能(上)

我国现代化进程正向纵深发展,工业化运动热火朝天.在经济转型、产业结构优化尚未能全面铺开之际,中央发出以信息化带动工业化,发挥后发优势,努力实现技术的跨越式发展的号召.文章就这些战略问题,从问题的起源,经济全球化、优化创新环境与激励创新机制、强化信息功能等几个方面进行了论述.     

SOJOURN TIMES IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS QBD PROCESSES WITH PROCESSOR SHARING

We study sojourn times of customers in a processor sharing queue with a service rate that varies over time, depending on the number of customers and on the state of a random environment. An explicit expression is derived for the Laplace–Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time conditional on the state upon arrival and the amount of work brought into the system. Particular attention is paid to the conditional mean sojourn time of a customer as a function of his required amount of work, and we establish the existence of an asymptote as the amount of work tends to infinity. The method of random time change is then extended to include the possibility of a varying service rate. By means of this method, we explain the well-established proportionality between the conditional mean sojourn time and required amount of work in processor sharing queues without random environment. Based on numerical experiments, we propose an approximation for the conditional mean sojourn time. Although first presented for exponentially distributed service requirements, the analysis is shown to extend to phase-type services. The service discipline of discriminatory processor sharing is also shown to fall within the framework.     

重交通道路水泥混凝土路面与沥青路面技术经济分析

随着公路运输的发展，运输车辆超载巳成为十分普遍的现象，超载是导致沥青路面结构早期损坏的主要原因。本文通过交通量调查，实测超载车辆的轴重，并通过技术经济对比，提出严重超载的路段，修筑水泥混凝土路面结构，可有效地解决沥青路面的早期损坏。     

社会主义市场经济理论是毛泽东商品经济思想和陈云市场思想的继承和发展

本文论述了邓小平的社会主义市场经济理论，认为这一理论是在继承毛泽东关于社会主义商品经济思想和陈云关于市场及市场调节思想的基础上，在改革开放中，加以发展形成的。     

Economic and Sociological Theories of Individual Charitable Giving: Complementary or Contradictory?

This article first sets out the principles of neoclassical microeconomic analysis and examines the advances in our understanding of individual giving to charitable organizations achieved within this framework of analysis. It then turns to sociology and considers alternative conceptions of sociological analysis, especially rational-action theories and the qualitative tradition. The contribution of these to our understanding of charitable giving is explored. The article concludes that rational-choice sociology can complement economic analyses in two ways but that qualitative sociology is contradictory to the economic approach.     

通风与空调工程漏风量测试装置的改进

风管漏风量的大小是检验通风与空调系统工程质量和降低能耗的一项重要指标，以“通风与空调工程施工及验收规范GB50243－97”的一项新增条款为依据，对漏风量测试装置作了分析，着重对以孔板作节流元件的风管式漏风测试装置在风压调整及自动取压两方面作了改进，并做了相应的试验，为新规范在行业内的实施与推广作必要的准备。     

供给因素、结构变化、汇率与中国的机电产品贸易

基于考虑供给因素、结构变化的出口决定模型,采用两方程方法研究了外国GDP、中国GDP、结构变化、汇率与中国机电产品贸易之间的关系。研究表明：供给因素、结构变化对中国机电产品贸易有重要影响,供给因素对中国机电产品贸易的影响存在不对称性,结构变化对中国机电产品贸易的影响基本对称,汇率对中国机电产品贸易的影响存在不对称性。     

On the incidence–prevalence relation and length‐biased sampling

For many diseases, logistic constraints render large incidence studies difficult to carry out. This becomes a drawback, particularly when a new study is needed each time the incidence rate is investigated in a new population. By carrying out a prevalent cohort study with follow‐up it is possible to estimate the incidence rate if it is constant. The authors derive the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the overall incidence rate, λ, as well as age‐specific incidence rates, by exploiting the epidemiologic relationship, (prevalence odds) = (incidence rate) × (mean duration) (P/[1 ? P] = λ × µ). The authors establish the asymptotic distributions of the MLEs and provide approximate confidence intervals for the parameters. Moreover, the MLE of λ is asymptotically most efficient and is the natural estimator obtained by substituting the marginal maximum likelihood estimators for P and µ into P/[1 ? P] = λ × µ. Following‐up the subjects allows the authors to develop these widely applicable procedures. The authors apply their methods to data collected as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Ageing to estimate the incidence rate of dementia amongst elderly Canadians. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Parental Work Schedules and Children's Cognitive Trajectories

Previous work has shown an association between mothers' nonstandard work schedules and children's well-being. We built on this research by examining the relationship between parental shift work and children's reading and math trajectories from age 5/6 to 13/14. Using data (N=7,105) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and growth curve modeling, we found that children's math and reading trajectories were related to parents' type of nonstandard shifts (i.e., evening, night, or variable). We found that having a mother who worked more years at a night shift was associated with lower reading scores, having a mother work more years at evening or night shifts was associated with reduced math trajectories, and having a father work more years at an evening shift was associated with reduced math scores. Mediation tests suggest that eating meals together, parental knowledge about children's whereabouts, and certain after-school activities might help explain these results.