Protecting children in Scotland: examining the impact of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995

This paper discusses findings from a small‐scale study of the impact on child protection practice following implementation of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. The Act introduced three new measures to allow the state to intervene in families to protect a child where there is a risk of significant harm. These include the child protection order, the child assessment order and the exclusion order. The child protection order provides for the removal of a child to (or his or her retention in) a place of safety. In the first two years of the operation of the 1995 Act fewer applications were made for this order compared with similar provisions under the previous legislation. This reduction in applications appears to be related to unfamiliarity with new legislation; greater scrutiny resulting from the more formal application to the sheriff court; and the introduction of a new legal criterion for intervention, the presence or likelihood of ‘significant harm’. The introduction of the ‘no order’ principle into Scottish child care law is also likely to be a factor.     

论民间组织在突发公共事件治理中的运作机制

突发公共事件具有突发性、严重危害性、特定地域性、时间迫切性的特点。民间组织来自民间,具有民间性、专业性、灵活性、公益性、自治性的优势,在突发公共事件的治理中可以发挥提供救助、稳定秩序、反映诉求、整合社会的功能,从而有助于保障人权,维护安定,实现善治,为社会的和谐做出独特的贡献。应当完善保障机制、补偿激励机制和监督机制,为推动民间组织参与治理突发公共事件奠定良好的运作机制。     

Saving Performance in Individual Development Accounts: Does Marital Status Matter?

Research indicates that marriage has a large effect on reducing the risk of poverty and is associated with a higher probability of attaining affluence over the life course when compared with nonmarriage. Using data from the American Dream Demonstration (N =2,364), this study compares savings performances of married and unmarried low‐income participants in a matched savings program—Individual Development Accounts. The results indicate that both married and unmarried low‐income participants can save in Individual Development Accounts. After controlling for program and other participant characteristics, there were no significant differences in savings between married and unmarried participants. We further examined possible factors that are associated with Individual Development Account savings performance for these two groups.     

论转基因产品安全应急处理法律制度

<生物多样性公约>和<卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书>关于应急处理的规定为各国生物安全应急处理立法提供了指南和参考.在我国,宪法、环境保护法律法规和其他相关法律法规就应急处理作出了一些规定,但这些规定存在诸多问题.我国转基因产品安全应急处理制度应从应急预案机制、肇事者的应急义务、主管部门的应急义务、法律责任等四个方面作出系统而全面的规定.     

Temptation and Taxation

We study optimal taxation when consumers have temptation and self‐control problems. Embedding the class of preferences developed by Gul and Pesendorfer into a standard macroeconomic setting, we first prove, in a two‐period model, that the optimal policy is to subsidize savings when consumers are tempted by “excessive” impatience. The savings subsidy improves welfare because it makes succumbing to temptation less attractive. We then study an economy with a long but finite horizon which nests, as a special case, the Phelps–Pollak–Laibson multiple‐selves model (thereby providing guidance on how to evaluate welfare in this model). We prove that when period utility is logarithmic, the optimal savings subsidies increase over time for any finite horizon. Moreover, as the horizon grows large, the optimal policy prescribes a constant subsidy, in contrast to the well known Chamley–Judd result.     

论对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的理解与立法应对

精神障碍者的拒绝治疗权是弱者人权保障与自我决定权在《精神卫生法》中的贯彻,是精神卫生立法的核心问题之一。其兼具必要性和复杂性,因而在理论与实践中经常遭到曲解,如视精神科医生的医学判断为法律判决、将强制住院等同于拒绝治疗权的丧失、将限制拒绝治疗权适用的紧急情形扩大为一般性危险。由此导致对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的否定和对人类尊严的蔑视,形成了贬低人格的家长主义。因此,学界需要对认识误区进行深度剖析并提出相应的对策,以期为完善我国的精神卫生立法提供建议。     

协作性公共管理视角下地方政府应急管理创新

地方政府应急管理综合协调能力不足问题、突发事件的本质特征、通讯技术的快速发展、社会力量的快速成长共同决定了我国地方政府加强应急协作创新的紧迫性。协作性公共管理理论强调多元治理主体的协作,管理方式上摒弃命令链条式的管制,更多地强调沟通、协商与合作。创建协作性应急管理模式需要从提升协作共识,完善法律法规,健全体制机制等方面着手。     

社会化媒体中公共危机事件的传播动力研究——以昆明暴力恐怖袭击案为例

社会化媒体以其独特的信息交互方式,在短时间内吸引了大量用户.在公共危机事件的信息演化过程中,社会化媒体已经成为社会公众搜索信息、分享信息、传播信息、交换意见以及表达情绪的重要交流平台.在这种传播语境下,从行动者的个体层面研究用户的行为动机及表现特性,从信息层面探究集体意见集合的发生过程与公共危机事件的演化机理,无疑具有重要现实意义.昆明暴力恐怖袭击案发生后的连锁反映充分证明有效运用社会化媒体有利于政府处理公共危机事件.     

哲学之主题和方法的新开端——海德格尔的“战时亟须学期讲座”探析

1919年之前的海德格尔既已发现了真实的生活体验对于哲学的重要意义。在1919年开设的被称做＂战时亟须学期讲座＂的课程中,他在哲学的主题和方法方面都取得了突破性的进展,获得了一个新的开端：突破了传统理论姿态和立场的束缚,把＂在自身之中并为了自身的生活＂确立为了其哲学的主题,把＂解释学的直观＂作为了其思想的方法。     

Is emergency preparedness a ‘disaster’ for people with disabilities in the US? Results from the 2006–2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

This study compared emergency preparedness of people with activity limitations, with limitations who use specialized equipment, and with mental health conditions with that of people without these disabilities. Results of chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that people with activity limitations and/or mental health conditions were significantly less prepared for emergencies than people who used specialized equipment or persons without disabilities. Having an activity limitation and/or severe mental health conditions, and being non-white, uncoupled, female, and below the poverty line increases the likelihood of not being prepared. Suggestions for increasing preparedness related to training and policy development were discussed.