论转基因产品安全应急处理法律制度

<生物多样性公约>和<卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书>关于应急处理的规定为各国生物安全应急处理立法提供了指南和参考.在我国,宪法、环境保护法律法规和其他相关法律法规就应急处理作出了一些规定,但这些规定存在诸多问题.我国转基因产品安全应急处理制度应从应急预案机制、肇事者的应急义务、主管部门的应急义务、法律责任等四个方面作出系统而全面的规定.     

Temptation and Taxation

We study optimal taxation when consumers have temptation and self‐control problems. Embedding the class of preferences developed by Gul and Pesendorfer into a standard macroeconomic setting, we first prove, in a two‐period model, that the optimal policy is to subsidize savings when consumers are tempted by “excessive” impatience. The savings subsidy improves welfare because it makes succumbing to temptation less attractive. We then study an economy with a long but finite horizon which nests, as a special case, the Phelps–Pollak–Laibson multiple‐selves model (thereby providing guidance on how to evaluate welfare in this model). We prove that when period utility is logarithmic, the optimal savings subsidies increase over time for any finite horizon. Moreover, as the horizon grows large, the optimal policy prescribes a constant subsidy, in contrast to the well known Chamley–Judd result.     

论对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的理解与立法应对

精神障碍者的拒绝治疗权是弱者人权保障与自我决定权在《精神卫生法》中的贯彻,是精神卫生立法的核心问题之一。其兼具必要性和复杂性,因而在理论与实践中经常遭到曲解,如视精神科医生的医学判断为法律判决、将强制住院等同于拒绝治疗权的丧失、将限制拒绝治疗权适用的紧急情形扩大为一般性危险。由此导致对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的否定和对人类尊严的蔑视,形成了贬低人格的家长主义。因此,学界需要对认识误区进行深度剖析并提出相应的对策,以期为完善我国的精神卫生立法提供建议。     

协作性公共管理视角下地方政府应急管理创新

地方政府应急管理综合协调能力不足问题、突发事件的本质特征、通讯技术的快速发展、社会力量的快速成长共同决定了我国地方政府加强应急协作创新的紧迫性。协作性公共管理理论强调多元治理主体的协作,管理方式上摒弃命令链条式的管制,更多地强调沟通、协商与合作。创建协作性应急管理模式需要从提升协作共识,完善法律法规,健全体制机制等方面着手。     

社会化媒体中公共危机事件的传播动力研究——以昆明暴力恐怖袭击案为例

社会化媒体以其独特的信息交互方式,在短时间内吸引了大量用户.在公共危机事件的信息演化过程中,社会化媒体已经成为社会公众搜索信息、分享信息、传播信息、交换意见以及表达情绪的重要交流平台.在这种传播语境下,从行动者的个体层面研究用户的行为动机及表现特性,从信息层面探究集体意见集合的发生过程与公共危机事件的演化机理,无疑具有重要现实意义.昆明暴力恐怖袭击案发生后的连锁反映充分证明有效运用社会化媒体有利于政府处理公共危机事件.     

哲学之主题和方法的新开端——海德格尔的“战时亟须学期讲座”探析

1919年之前的海德格尔既已发现了真实的生活体验对于哲学的重要意义。在1919年开设的被称做＂战时亟须学期讲座＂的课程中,他在哲学的主题和方法方面都取得了突破性的进展,获得了一个新的开端：突破了传统理论姿态和立场的束缚,把＂在自身之中并为了自身的生活＂确立为了其哲学的主题,把＂解释学的直观＂作为了其思想的方法。     

Is emergency preparedness a ‘disaster’ for people with disabilities in the US? Results from the 2006–2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

This study compared emergency preparedness of people with activity limitations, with limitations who use specialized equipment, and with mental health conditions with that of people without these disabilities. Results of chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that people with activity limitations and/or mental health conditions were significantly less prepared for emergencies than people who used specialized equipment or persons without disabilities. Having an activity limitation and/or severe mental health conditions, and being non-white, uncoupled, female, and below the poverty line increases the likelihood of not being prepared. Suggestions for increasing preparedness related to training and policy development were discussed.     

基于数量柔性契约的双源应急物资采购定价模型

针对灾害事件发生的不确定性以及灾害发生后应急物资需求量的爆发式增长，本文设计了一个政府主导的基于数量柔性契约的双源应急物资采购模型。在存在一个现货市场的情况下，政府除了常规采购外，还会与供应方签订一份数量柔性契约，用以建立政企联合储备应急物资的合作关系。通过数理推导，本文发现灾害事件发生概率，政府自身储备量，现货市场采购价格会对双方决策产生重要影响，并给出三个影响因素在满足不同条件时政企双方的最优决策，同时进一步分析了这三个因素对政府采购成本与供应方利润的影响。最后，通过数值模拟的方式对所得结论进行了验证。本文的研究为政府与企业构建联合储备应急物资的合作关系提供了指导与依据。     

Material hardship and 529 college savings plan participation: The mitigating effects of Child Development Accounts

Experience of material hardship can adversely affect a family’s ability to make long-term investments in children’s development. We examine whether material hardship is associated with one indicator of such investments: participation in a tax-advantaged college savings plan (529 plan). Data for this study come from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids (SEED OK) experiment, an intervention that offers Child Development Accounts with financial incentives to encourage the accumulation of college savings for children from the time of their birth. Results show that material hardship is negatively associated with 529-plan participation, and this association varies by treatment status. At all levels of material hardship, treatment-group mothers are more likely to hold accounts than control-group mothers. These findings suggest that CDAs can be a useful policy tool to support families’ financial preparation for college.     

Every Minute Counts: Using Process Improvement and Performance Feedback to Improve Patient Flow in an Emergency Department

Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.