The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas

Alternative food networks (AFNs) are commonly defined by attributes such as the spatial proximity between farmers and consumers, the existence of retail venues such as farmers markets, community supported agriculture (CSA) and a commitment to sustainable food production and consumption. Focusing upon processes rather than attributes, this paper identifies two place-based processes that both promote and constrain the emergence and development of AFNs. Urbanization and rural restructuring are critical to the development of AFNs. AFNs are not a “thing” to be described, but rather emerge from political, cultural and historical processes. The interactions of urbanization and rural restructuring produce AFNs that are differentiated and marked by uneven development that does not necessarily support all farmers participating in the network. This indicates both the fragility and the dynamism inherent in AFNs that are tied to metropolitan development and change. Paradoxically, increasing urban demand for seasonal, and organic produce grown ‘close to home’ and the processes of rural restructuring which emphasize small-scale sustainable family farming and its direct food linkages to cities do not necessarily enable all farmers to consistently make a living from season to season. Evidence for these claims comes from an in-depth, qualitative case study reliant upon participant observation, in-depth interviews and draws from a statewide farmer survey and a regional consumer survey in Washington State.     

现货市场与期货交易行为对期货市场波动的影响——来自中国农产品期货市场的证据

期货交易对波动性的影响一直以来都是一个备受争议的课题。建立了包含预期风险收益、现货市场和期货市场非对称信息冲击效应的EC-TARCH-M模型,对大豆、豆粕、玉米和强麦等期货的交易行为、现货市场信息冲击与期货市场内在波动性之间的关系进行深入研究。结果表明,期货交易行为均对波动性有着显著影响,但影响的方向和程度不一致,投机交易会加剧期货市场波动性,而市场深度却有助于降低期货市场波动性。不同期货市场波动性对来自现货市场的信息冲击反应不一,但对来自期货市场中的信息冲击具有"杠杆效应"。     

关于农村市场开拓问题的若干思考

中国加入世贸组织 ,给我国的企业构成了巨大的挑战。农村市场空间广阔 ,开拓农村市场 ,是我国企业的新生之路。但由于农村消费基础环境差 ,农民增收难等多项历史性因素的制约 ,农村市场的开拓任重而道远。当前 ,以政府投入为主体 ,引导、带动民间资本的加入 ,是开拓农村市场的现实选择     

战略性新兴产业创新能力影响因素研究综述

从战略性新兴产业的特征入手, 对战略性新兴产业创新能力影响因素的相关文献进行综述。战略性新兴产业创新能力的影响因素主要包括知识产权能力、产业集群、金融支持、政府补助、产业政策与技术创新六大方面,现有文献主要围绕这六个方面进行相关研究。现有研究主要采用假设检验、实证分析、构建模型等研究方法与评估体系,而比较研究是战略性新兴产业创新能力研究中的重要内容。学界对战略性新兴产业的研究数量较多,但大多数只是宏观地探讨战略性新兴产业的发展及某些影响因素。由于战略性新兴产业包含不同行业,各个产业的特性存在差异,对于具体某一个战略性新兴产业的发展还需要进行更广泛更深入的研究;同时,技术、政策以及融资环境等某一因素对战略性新兴产业的影响研究慢慢增多,但是对不同因素带来的交叉影响研究还有待深入。     

Urbanization,migration, and development

This paper looks at the effect of the new international division of labor on urbanization in developing countries. Previous histories, particularly of insertion into the world economy, affect responses to the new order. Also, previous phases in the organization of the world economy, particularly those associated with import-substitution industrialization, have shaped the urban systems and urban social organization of developing countries in particular ways. By comparing the tendencies of the import-substituting period with those of the new international division of labor, contrasts are brought out in the patterns of migration, the shape of the urban system, labor markets, and in urban social organization. The overall change is likely to be an increasing divergence, both within developing countries and between them, in their urban organization.     

PRP在教师中应用研究的新进展

尽管PRP在企业组织中得到广泛的应用并取得了显著的成效,但是在公共部门特别是教育领域中应用研究的时间并不长,本文对国际上有关PRP在教师中应用研究的新进展进行了回顾,重点对PRP在教师中应用的理论成果进行了综述。     

Markov random-field models for estimating local labour markets

Summary. This work is motivated by data on daily travel-to-work flows observed between pairs of elemental territorial units of an Italian region. The data were collected during the 1991 population census. The aim of the analysis is to partition the region into local labour markets. We present a new method for this which is inspired by the Bayesian texture segmentation approach. We introduce a novel Markov random-field model for the distribution of the variables that label the local labour markets for each territorial unit. Inference is performed by means of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The issue of model hyperparameter estimation is also addressed. We compare the results with those obtained by applying a classical method. The methodology can be applied with minor modifications to other data sets.     

偏正态随机波动模型及其实证检验

首先构建了有杠杆效应的随机波动模型(SV-L),证明了其波动随机项的条件分布为两个偏正态分布,由此称该模型为偏正态随机波动模型(SV-SN).接下来讨论了SV-SN模型的经济含义以及对应随机波动项的统计特征.最后利用沪深两市的指数收益数据对模型进行了实证研究,其结论为:相对于一般的SV模型,SV-SN模型的拟合效果更好;新息具有减弱后期波动之效应;与理论预期一致,单位负新息比单位正新息引致的波动要大.     

基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型及案例研究

结合新兴技术的特点,在动态能力组织学习模型研究成果的基础上,提出了一个基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型。结合该模型探讨了企业动态能力推动新兴技术演化的路径。并以SONY Walkman的演化过程为例对模型进行了检验,结果表明动态能力的形成有利于新兴技术的演化。