考虑非期望产出的制造业能源生态效率地区差异研究——基于SBM和Tobit模型的两阶段分析

目前，全球制造业竞争格局正面临重构，为了提升我国制造业国际竞争力，需要进一步提高制造业能源生态效率。本文考虑生产过程中的非期望产出，将制造业废气、废水、固体废物排放量纳入产出变量，首先构建SBM模型对我国2000-2016年30个省市的制造业能源生态效率进行测算，接着对制造业能源生态效率地区差异进行深入分析，最后采用Tobit模型对全国及东中西地区制造业能源生态效率的影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示全国历年制造业能源生态效率均值为0.44，总体处于中低等发展水平，省际差异显著。制造业能源生态效率整体上呈现上升趋势，纯技术效率较低是制约制造业能源生态效率上升的主要原因。统计期内东部地区综合效率值明显高于中西部地区，但规模效率显著低于中西部地区。经济发展水平对全国及东中西部制造业能源生态效率的影响最为显著，其影响效应分别为0.079、0.123、0.172和0.104。除经济发展水平外，研发投入、能源消费结构等因素对全国及东中西部制造业能源生态效率影响程度均不相同。为了提高我国制造业整体能源生态效率，缩小空间差异，总体上应采取优化制造业产业结构、实施创新驱动战略、提升清洁能源消费比重、改善国企公司治理等，而各地区应依据综合效率分解结果及各因素影响效应采用相适用的对策。     

The Shelf Life of a Disaster: Post‐Fukushima Policy Change in The United States And Germany

How can large‐scale disasters prompt policy change beyond the local environment in which they occurred? Working at the intersection of political sociology, disaster studies, and cultural sociology, we introduce the concept of the shelf life of a disaster to analyze the short and limited impact of Fukushima Daiichi on U.S. nuclear energy policy and its vitality within Germany. American media, nuclear industry representatives, regulators, and policy makers contributed to a tepid political environment for policy change by expanding symbolic distance from Fukushima, focusing on U.S. superiority to Japanese infrastructures. While this technicist orientation was evident in Germany as well, its distancing effects were offset by a conjunction of mechanisms that packaged Fukushima as a precursor to an inevitable German nuclear catastrophe.     

Supporting collaboration in humanitarian supply chains – insights from a design science project

Abstract

The growing number of large-scale relief operations and humanitarian aid initiatives is stretching the resources – financial, material and human – of humanitarian actors to their limits. Challenges to collaborate both within international humanitarian organizations, and among their direct and indirect supply chain partners often contribute to the inefficient use of resources, or ineffective operations. In this research, we discuss collaboration in humanitarian supply chains, and analyze causes of their dysfunctional operations. Furthermore, we develop an experiential learning approach that can sensitize humanitarian supply chain actors to causes of information distortion. The simulation approach was implemented in the field and instructional design cycles yielded insights into how staff apply their learnings under the specific conditions of humanitarian relief work.     

分权政府是建立有效政府的基础

有效政府是我国政府体制改革的一个重要目标。系统论、管理学和有效政府的基本价值表明,建设分权政府是建立有效政府的基础。建立分权政府主要涉及政府与社会的分权、政府与市场分权、中央与地方的分权、党政分开等层面。在建设分权政府的过程中,应注意制度建设、职权责一致、监督体系和分权底线等方面问题。     

Earthquakes and frack-waste: sounds of extraction-related disaster in Appalachian Ohio

This article critically listens to the sounds of energy extraction in Appalachian Ohio in the United States. It focuses on the sounds of extraction-made disaster from the nineteenth century to the present. In the region, economic busts repeatedly follow booms, and the corresponding energy soundscapes of disaster are bound with labour, capital, and environment. Economic booms become sonic booms and explosions, both below and above the ground. I explore the sonic components of disaster, and draw from local archival materials as well as contemporary field recordings. I map patterns and rhythms of destruction, noting that they are not random or novel but are instead structural components of extraction-based industry.     

能源价格波动、诱导性技术进步与中国环境全要素生产率

随着能源的"金融属性"日益凸显，科学评估能源价格波动对经济增长和环境改善的综合影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于参数化的双曲线距离函数，将能源价格因素纳入环境全要素生产率（ETFP）的分析框架，剖析能源价格波动影响ETFP变动的内在机理；在此基础上，运用1995~2015年省际面板数据，考察能源价格诱导性技术进步对我国ETFP提升的促进作用及其时空分异规律，并识别该技术进步的具体偏向类型。研究结果表明：近20年来我国能源价格诱导性技术进步的平均速率为0.22%，其对ETFP变动的提升作用相对较弱，并表现出较强的时空分异特征。此外，从要素投入来看，能源价格诱导性技术进步总体上呈现资本和能源节约—劳动力使用型特征；从产出侧来看，其主要偏向于SO₂的减排，但对CO₂减排和GDP扩张的诱导作用不甚明显。     

北京市家庭生活用能消费的基本格局与政策取向

近年来,北京市生活用能增长较快,消费结构呈现清洁化趋势,但城乡差距明显,消费波动较大,不同收入家庭之间的用能消费不均衡现象严重。在这种情况下,如何制定合理的政策,解决用能消费不均衡等问题,是北京市的经济建设能否可持续发展的一个关键因素。     

我国低碳经济发展的重点、难点与路径

如何保持社会经济增长、自然生态环境可持续发展、提高能源效率、降低温室气体排放,已成为全世界共同关注的话题。文章在此背景下,立足于我国经济发展所处的历史时期,分析了我国经济发展中的能源消费和碳排放量状况,在此基础上提出了我国发展低碳经济的重点、难点及发展路径。

Abstract：

It is a globally focused topic concerning how to keep economy growing,natural ecological environment having a sustainable development,improving the productivity of source of energy and lowing the discharging of greenhouse gases.Against this background,this article analyzes the consumption of source of energy and the situation concerning the discharging of carbon in our economic development from the historical perspective and proposes the keynote,difficulty and path of development of our low-carbon economy.     

中印能源政策比较研究

中印能源政策重点各有侧重,即印度仍然以保障能源供应为第一要义,而中国日益需要考虑环境资源的约束,近年来政策重心明显转向节能和提高能效。能源市场化改革是两国面临的共同课题,但是中国注重市场与行政手段的综合运用,而印度更致力于建立理想的自下而上的市场调控模式。就能源决策管理体制而言,中印两国努力建设高级别的集中能源管理体制,但是印度的步伐相对较慢、难度也更大。中印两国可以在缓和能源资源竞争、开发能源技术、交流市场管理和制度建设经验以及推进多边能源机制建设等方面进行合作。     

人类活动影响二氧化碳排放研究进展

人类社会经济活动导致的大气中温室气体浓度上升是诱发全球变暖的主要因素之一,关于全球变暖的严峻后果以及与人类活动之间关系的证据,近年来以日新月异的速度增长,越来越不容置疑,人类活动与温室气体排放之间的关系成为气候变化研究领域的热点之一。对经济发展、能源消费、贸易活动等人类活动与温室气体排放之间关系、减排政策措施等问题的相关研究,可为进一步开展经济与气候、环境协调发展研究提供前提和基础。