“苏南模式”城市化进程中的农村相对贫困问题

在区域经济整体繁荣的苏南地区 ,也存在明显的农村相对贫困问题 ,表现出就业类型的传统化 ,贫困线水平的高端化、贫富差距的扩大化、弱势群体的“赤贫化”等特点。认为“苏南模式”城市化自有的特点和不足 ,导致农民交换权利的不断恶化 ,是造成农村产生相对贫困的根本原因 ,并据此提出了相应的对策。     

从粮食生产到生计安全：粮食安全问题研究的演变综述

经过长期的演变和发展,粮食安全问题研究从初期主要关注一个国家或者地区提供充足粮食供给的能力,向三个方面进行了扩展：第一,关于粮食的流通、可获得性以及可接受性的研究逐步被纳入到研究范围;第二,关注的粮食问题范围从单纯的粮食安全逐步扩展为包括营养安全以及生活安全的更为宽泛范畴;第三,越来越多的关注粮食除了其营养提供功能之外所包含的文化、政治和社会方面的意义。结合粮食安全概念和内涵的历史演进,本文将近40年的粮食安全问题研究的演变划分为三个阶段：关注国家粮食安全并强调粮食供给阶段;关注家庭粮食安全并强调粮食获取阶段以及关注家庭食物安全、营养安全演变为关注家庭生活安全阶段。并结合不同阶段的研究背景,讨论粮食安全问题研究重点变迁的内在逻辑及其框架。     

‘You Can Stand on Your Head and Still End Up with Lower Pay’: Gliding Segregation and Gendered Work Practices in Danish ‘Family‐friendly’ Workplaces

This article explores the process of gliding segregation in two Danish workplaces. We address the questions of how and why women and men at the same workplace, with the same levels of education, often end up doing different work tasks. Drawing on a gendered organization perspective and sense of entitlement theory we illustrate the processes whereby structural and cultural expectations place women in predictable and routine work, and men in more developmental work. We also show that the level of education makes a difference to women's sense of entitlement to developmental work, but that the discourse of family friendliness disadvantages women in the allocation of interesting and valued work tasks. The findings illustrate the resilience of gendered work practices and the importance of focusing on workplace interactions to explain this.     

气候变化影响下的社会脆弱性与贫困：国外研究综述

脆弱性概念因其能更完整地说明气候变化最突出的影响,已经成为气候变化相关研究的热点。目前我国的脆弱性研究多集中在自然生态系统,对社会经济系统的脆弱性研究相对较少,对于区域或特定群体面对气候变化的脆弱性研究更少,而后者恰恰是抓住现状和提高气候变化适应能力的根本依据。同时,我国贫困地区与生态环境脆弱地带高度相关,贫困地区是气候变化的主要影响地区,如何减少气候贫困是我国面临的难题。社会脆弱性、敏感性和适应性,已经成为国际上气候变化研究的重要概念。文章对国外现有文章进行梳理,说明社会脆弱性研究对于气候变化条件下减贫的重要作用,以期促进国内相关研究的发展。     

Serving the army as secretaries: intersectionality,multi‐level contract and subjective experience of citizenship

With the growing elusiveness of the state apparatus in late modernity, military service is one of the last institutions to be clearly identified with the state, its ideologies and its policies. Therefore, negotiations between the military and its recruits produce acting subjects of citizenship with long‐lasting consequences. Arguing that these negotiations are regulated by multi‐level (civic, group, and individual) contracts, we explore the various meanings that these contracts obtain at the intersectionality of gender, class, and ethnicity; and examine how they shape the subjective experience of soldierhood and citizenship. More particularly, we analyse the meaning of military service in the retrospective life stories of Israeli Jewish women from various ethno‐class backgrounds who served as army secretaries – a low‐status, feminine gender‐typed occupation within a hyper‐masculine organization. Findings reveal that for women of the lower class, the organizing cultural schema of the multi‐level contract is that of achieving respectability through military service, which means being included in the national collective. Conversely, for middle‐class women, it is the sense of entitlement that shapes their contract with the military, which they expect to signify and maintain their privileged status. Thus, while for the lower class, the multi‐level contract is about inclusion within the boundaries of the national collective, for the dominant groups, this contract is about reproducing social class hierarchies within national boundaries.     

Open door environments as interactional resources to initiate unscheduled encounters in office organizations

ABSTRACT

In this article, we show how a common type of material environment in office organizations, namely offices with doors left open, enables and sustains the initiation of unscheduled, informal encounters. Using video recordings of naturally occurring interactions, we identify and describe a recurrent practice whereby visitors, mainly through their embodied conduct as they approach the doorway, are recognized by their recipients as initiating an encounter. We unpack the systematic practices and resources involved and analyze a series of variations through which co-workers deal with three interactional problems: obtaining the office occupant’s attention, negotiating availability, and negotiating entitlement. The article (1) demarcates a set of practices typical of unscheduled encounters in office organizations; (2) sheds new lights on how shared and fractured visual spaces can be used as resources to produce complex organizational meanings; and (3) proposes an approach of organizational activity and knowledge as inherently interactional, embodied and material.     

Shame and (“managed”) resentment: Emotion and entitlement among Israeli mothers living in poverty

Of the range of negative emotional states, shame is commonly found to characterize experiences of people living in poverty. However, relatively little attention has been directed toward exploring other emotions that accompany the shame. Not exploring other emotions, the possibility that working-class mothers go through a struggling emotional experience in relation to their experiences of how authorities validate their belonging, is left out of scope. Exploring the notion of resentment creates a conceptual space for considering this possibility, as it flags the importance of belonging and entitlement for mothers living in poverty. I analyze these issues here, by applying “translocational positionality” which stresses how people take up positions relating to experiences of (non-) belonging and entitlement which are informed by struggles over inclusion and resources. As such, it stresses the links between struggles of belonging and struggles for securing access to resources. It affords the opportunity to identify the emotional/affectual dimension of struggles that would otherwise be implicit at best. A Resentment focused analysis of structured interviews conducted with 90 mothers, from seven ethno-national categories, living in poverty in Israel enabled me to analyze issues of belonging and entitlement as part of a continuous struggle for resources, pitched against welfare practices which ostensibly support mothers and families in need, but in fact apply means-tested and other exclusionary principles to leave mothers without the assistance that would protect them from shame.     

Social Relations in Enriched Housing for the Aged:

No abstract available for this article.     

基于灰色关联理论的城市贫困问题的实证分析

依据阿马蒂亚·森的贫困理论,交换权利的影响因素主要有就业、社会保障、收入水平及生产方式等。将对这些因素采用灰色系统分析中的灰色关联理论进行实证分析。选取样本数据,确定行为相关序列,在计算出绝对关联度和相对关联度及综合关联度的基础上,得出关联度排序,即各个影响因素的作用力排序,以求对城市贫困问题有更深层次的认识。     

试析诺齐克的个人权利理论

诺齐克主要从个人权利的获取、个人权利的转让以及对个人权利的矫正这三个方面阐释了个人权利理论。在诺齐克看来,个人拥有的权利不仅是绝对的而且是排他的,并且,个人对其拥有的权利享有很强的自由裁量性。批评者们通常认为,由于诺齐克的个人权利理论缺乏坚实的认识论基础,所以,他不仅没有为我们展示出一个完全清晰的、能够得到充分辩护的权利观念,而且亦没有为我们提供一个有足够说服力的权利获取以及矫正的原则。