提高大学生课堂昕课兴趣的探讨与实践

课堂教学由教师和学生组成,教师与学生默契配合是调动学生学习积极性的重要因素。丰富的教学内容,生动活泼的讲课节律,活跃的课堂气氛,科学的考试方法等,均影响着学生的听课兴趣。     

On an adaptive version of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm with independent proposal distribution

In this paper, we present a general formulation of an algorithm, the adaptive independent chain (AIC), that was introduced in a special context in Gåsemyr et al . [ Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 3 (2001)]. The algorithm aims at producing samples from a specific target distribution Π, and is an adaptive, non-Markovian version of the Metropolis–Hastings independent chain. A certain parametric class of possible proposal distributions is fixed, and the parameters of the proposal distribution are updated periodically on the basis of the recent history of the chain, thereby obtaining proposals that get ever closer to Π. We show that under certain conditions, the algorithm produces an exact sample from Π in a finite number of iterations, and hence that it converges to Π. We also present another adaptive algorithm, the componentwise adaptive independent chain (CAIC), which may be an alternative in particular in high dimensions. The CAIC may be regarded as an adaptive approximation to the Gibbs sampler updating parametric approximations to the conditionals of Π.     

Optimal scaling of Metropolis algorithms: Heading toward general target distributions

The authors provide an overview of optimal scaling results for the Metropolis algorithm with Gaussian proposal distribution. They address in more depth the case of high‐dimensional target distributions formed of independent, but not identically distributed components. They attempt to give an intuitive explanation as to why the well‐known optimal acceptance rate of 0.234 is not always suitable. They show how to find the asymptotically optimal acceptance rate when needed, and they explain why it is sometimes necessary to turn to inhomogeneous proposal distributions. Their results are illustrated with a simple example.     

国外票据市场的发展及对我国的启示

随着现代经济的发展 ,票据作为一种支付信用结算工具 ,其低风险、高流动性的短期投资和融资功能日益受到企业、商业银行及广大投资者的重视 ,各种票据逐渐成为企业短期融资、银行提高资产负债的流动性管理和风险管理、满足投资者短期投资需要的重要货币市场工具。分析和研究票据市场发展现状及其特点 ,对我国票据市场发展有积极的借鉴意义。     

基本经济制度：社会主义经济发展的所有制动力

以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展是我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度。坚持公有制为主体,充分发挥公有制解放生产力、发展生产力的作用,推动社会主义经济发展;大力发展非公有制经济,充分发挥非公有制经济在社会主义初级阶段的积极作用,促进社会主义经济发展。我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度构成社会主义经济发展的所有制动力。     

小学作文教学“个性写真”操作策略及模式研究

文章针对目前小学作文教学中情感虚假、内容空洞、语言苍白等弊病，在改革作文教学实践中提出引导学生“个性写真”的主张，并就其操作策略与教学模式进行实践探索。     

Subjective probabilities and utility with event-dependent preferences

This article generalizes Savage's theory to include event-dependent preferences. The state space is partitioned into finitely many events. The induced preferences over consequences are assumed independent of the underlying states within, but not across, these events. This results in an additively separable representation of preferences over acts. The dependence of the preference relation over consequences on the events is represented by event-dependent mappings of the set of consequences onto itself. Given these mappings, the preferences on acts are represented by the expectation of event-dependent utilities on the consequences with respect to unique subjective probabilities on the states.Helpful discussions with David Schmeidler are gratefully acknowledged.     

浅析我国经济公益诉讼制度的建立

随着市场经济的快速发展,与社会公共利益密切相关的经济法纠纷日趋复杂,而我国现有的行政解决机制对此已有些束手无策了。经济公益诉讼制度的出现,既是诉讼法对只顾及保护私人利益的狭隘性的突破,也是对传统诉讼法制的超越。文章在介绍分析经济公益诉讼制度的概念、特征、意义的基础上,对如何在我国建立独立完善的经济公益诉讼制度提出了一些个人的见解和主张。     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

WDM网络多播中关键器件放置问题的研究

研究了在WDM网络中,分光器件和波长变换器件随机放置的情况下,两种器件的数量分别对于多播业务阻塞率的影响．从仿真结果可以得出,增加配置有波长变换器件节点的个数可以明显地降低阻塞率,而增加配置有分光器件节点的个数在某些情况下,会导致阻塞率的增加．并深入探讨了造成这些现象的原因．