循环经济的税收支出推进途径研究

目前资源约束已经成为我国经济发展的巨大障碍,如何采取措施推进循环经济发展成为政府和理论界面临的紧迫课题。在简述循环经济和税收支出理论的基础上,分析税收支出对推进循环经济的作用,提出刺激循环性生产技术研发,循环性产品生产、消费、回收利用等方面的税收支出措施。     

户籍管制放松、就读地选择与进城家庭教育支出

本文利用中国家庭收入项目调查数据(CHIP2007),运用Two-Part模型研究户籍管制放松是否影响以及如何影响有7~16岁在读子女进城家庭的教育支出行为。研究发现,户籍管制放松会影响进城家庭子女就读地选择;对于有子女在城市就读的进城家庭,户籍管制放松对其教育支出水平的影响取决于家庭收入,放松户籍管制将会降低低收入进城家庭的教育支出份额,但会提高高收入进城家庭的教育支出份额,具体影响大小因家庭收入水平的不同而存在差异;在总样本均值处,户籍管制放松1个百分点,进城家庭教育支出将减少1.3945个百分点。在推进新型城镇化建设的背景下,放松户籍管制的意义不仅在于促进教育公平,更在于加快人口城镇化步伐、改善进城家庭消费结构和提振国内消费。     

政府规模、支出结构与经济增长：基于中国数据的经验研究

借以一个标准的新古典经济增长模型为基础,利用中国各省区的数据,考察政府规模和政府支出结构对经济增长的影响,希望为理解中国经济持续增长提供一个视角。研究结果表明,在本区间里,地方政府规模与地区劳动生产率水平之间显著正相关,但与地区劳动生产率增长关系不明显;在一定程度上,地方政府效率与政府规模之间存在替代关系;地方政府的生产性支出和非生产性支出对生产率增长均有积极影响;地方财政支出结构对投资有十分显著的影响,反映了地方政府有很强的投资偏好。     

中部地区经济崛起的路径依赖与选择

中部地区发展的重要障碍之一就是长期以来中部地区的发展定位不明确,发展路径不清晰,产业结构与东西部有很大的同构性,结构调整步履维艰。国家政策扶持的重点一直未曾落到中部。中部地区的发展路径在于把完善的市场体系与技术创新体系融合,进而培育中部区域核心竞争力,用优化多极化网络型区域经济空间组织加快中部区域产业结构调整步伐,才能促进中部的崛起。     

临终关怀制度构建:挑战与线路图

临终关怀对于减轻身心痛苦和死亡恐惧的显著作用已经得到国内外数十年研究成果的充分证明。据世界卫生组织及国内外专业期刊统计数据,中国临终关怀现状堪忧,中国社会老龄化及城市化加速发展使临终关怀事业遭遇日益严峻的挑战,体现于医疗资源分配不平等、法律法规缺位、职业培训不足和程序化措施不力。研究基于国内过去30年来临终护理经验教训的现实,以充分数据资料分析中国临终关怀体系建构在观念层面、财政保险资金层面、法律法规层面、教育培训层面和医护制度层面所面临的挑战,指出问题的核心是医护观念陈旧和政府投入严重不足,解决问题的关键在于临终关怀法律法规体系的构建,具体为临终关怀法规与医保管理的制度性优化、拓宽慈善资源和培育临终医护资源。     

Standard Errors for Elasticities: A Comparison of Bootstrap and Asymptotic Standard Errors

This article compares two methods of deriving standard errors for elasticities in a linear expenditure demand system with first-order autoregressive errors. The first is the ordinary Taylor series method and the second is Efron's bootstrap. In an example problem, these two methods yielded similar values for the standard errors, with the exception of the income elasticity standard errors, for which the asymptotic standard errors were apparently too large by a factor of two.     

Family budgets and public money: spending fostering payments

In this second of two papers based on a study of payment issues within foster care, the focus is on expenditure. It is argued that the hybrid public/private nature of fostering gives rise to contradictory pressures for carers, including the status of maintenance payments as both part of family budgets and a form of delegated public expenditure. For example, carers are required in principle both to spend fixed amounts upon foster children and to treat them in like fashion to their own children. In this paper, the issue of ‘like treatment’ is explored, along with the significance of payment for ‘children who foster’ and for relationships between carers and foster children. Also examined are the challenges presented by differences between carers’ material circumstances and those of birth families, especially when reunification is planned. Overall, the paper seeks to show how the handling of expenditure becomes closely entwined with inter‐personal dynamics within foster care.     

Expenditure Differences of University Degree Holders Across Occupational Sectors in Malaysia

This study was motivated by the key role university degree holders play in Malaysia's vision for the future and by concerns expressed about the drift of university degree holders from one sector to another. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 400 Malaysian families that had at least one member who held a university degree. The objective was to elicit details of the household economic situation of respondents, with special reference to the differences in expenditure patterns between families whose degree holder worked in higher education, government, or the private sector.Results of tobit analysis of expenditures show that there are some differences between the sectors regarding expenditure patterns, but the differences are not as great as expected. Nevertheless, university-educated persons in the private sector seem to have somewhat different expenditure patterns than their counterparts in other sectors.     

析不确定性对居民消费的影响

在不确定性基础上的消费理论的指导下,利用我国城镇时间序列数据,对不确定性如何影响居民消费进行深入研究,结论表明:支出的不确定性和收入的不确定性及其变化对居民消费影响很大。在收入不确定性中起主要作用的是劳动收入的不确定性;利率对居民消费的影响很小,而且在统计上不显著。根据研究结论可以采取扩大消费,扩大内需的政策以刺激消费。     

海南省城镇居民消费需求实证研究

运用恩格尔系数和扩展线性支出系统以及PANEL DATA模型3种方法,估计1997—1999年海南省城镇居民消费需求的各项指标。据此,分析评价海南省城镇居民的消费需求状况,进而对提高城镇居民生活水平作了初步的探讨。