Multiple testing using the posterior probabilities of directional alternatives,with application to genomic studies

This paper aims to connect Bayesian analysis and frequentist theory in the context of multiple comparisons. The authors show that when testing the equality of two sample means, the posterior probability of the one‐sided alternative hypothesis, defined as a half‐space, shares with the frequentist P‐value the property of uniformity under the null hypothesis. Ultimately, the posterior probability may thus be used in the same spirit as a P‐value in the Benjamini‐Hochberg procedure, or in any of its extensions.     

境内会计师事务所面临信任危机的原因及对策

各种调查显示 ,中国的会计师事务所面临空前的信任危机。引起目前会计师事务所信任危机的原因有以下几方面 :一是注册会计师协会的性质及职能定位不清 ;二是有限责任公司的形式几无风险 ;三是会计师事务所领导体制不合理 ;四是恶性竞争 ,五是处罚力度尤其是民事处罚力度轻等。因此应采取如下应对措施 :对注册会计师协会重新定位 ;推动有限责任公司的形式向合伙制转化 ;对会计师事务所领导体制进行改革 ;建立规范的竞争秩序 ;加大处罚力度 ,尤其是加大民事赔偿责任     

假新闻防治论略

近几年来 ,传媒上出现了许多假新闻 ,并在社会上造成了极为恶劣的影响。因此 ,治理假新闻势在必行。治理假新闻 ,可从增强社会责任感 ,提高新闻从业人员的素质 ,加强新闻法制建设 ,严厉打击造假者等方面来着手进行。     

大众媒介的广告法律责任分析

我国现行法律对大众媒介的广告审查义务及违法责任的规定明显不足。强化大众媒介的广告审查义务、构建合理的大众媒介广告法律责任追究机制、加大对大众媒介发布虚假广告行为的处罚力度是扼制虚假广告的必然要求。     

会计信息失真的原因探析与防范

随着经济的发展和企业竞争程度的加剧 ,企业投资者、债权人和政府管理部门等信息需求者对会计信息的依赖性也越来越高。然而从目前的会计信息状况来看 ,还存在很大程度的失真现象。为此 ,我们从宏、微观两方面深入探讨会计信息失真原因 ,并提出相应的防范措施。     

西方主流经济学中的两个伪问题--评均衡价格与经济均衡

分析均衡价格与经济均衡的价格、需求价格、供给价格和供给与需求称谓存在的问题,笔者发现,供求与价格反正比关系是难以成立的.假使商品供求与确切的价格概念,即(单位)供给商品换回的需求货币收入联结、建立关系,那就形成供求商品与供给商品交换需求货币的关系,或与需求货币的关系,而这些关系则是无法论证、不能成立的伪问题.因为经济人以较少成本交换较多收入、追逐利润避免亏损的行为,反驳了均衡价格和经济均衡的供求均衡、效用最大化的市场交换理论.     

论假象

假象与社会生活密切相关 ,但从哲学角度认识假象历来却较为薄弱。本文从假象的产生、形成、作用和价值等四个方面 ,做了一番分析和整理 ,力图使我们对假象有一个较为科学合理的认识 ,并以此为人们的实践活动给予理论上的帮助和参考。     

Is there a Gender Difference in False Belief Development?

The contribution of children's social environment to their acquisition of theory of mind skills, combined with the well documented advantage for girls in mental state talk with siblings, peers and mothers, might lead to a female advantage on false belief tasks. We present a post‐hoc analysis of large datasets from two independent laboratories. A slight advantage for girls on false belief task performance was found in both datasets and was only apparent in younger but not older children. Language ability could be controlled for only in a smaller subsample of one dataset and cannot be ruled out as a potential mediator of this effect. However, if there is an age‐specific advantage for girls in false belief acquisition it is a weak effect only.     

20世纪80年代以来国内郑谷诗歌研究述评

郑谷是晚唐后期重要诗人,近20年来郑谷研究逐渐深入。学界在生平事迹的考证、诗集的整理、作品真伪考辨以及郑谷诗歌的艺术特点、渊源影响等方面均取得了丰富的成果。同时,郑谷研究也存在考证结论缺乏确凿证据、不够重视已有研究成果、选题立论及论述单一重复等问题。郑谷研究拥有相当广阔的前景,有待于学者去挖掘和探索。     

The Frequency of False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse: A Critical Review

The rate of false allegations has been a topic of research spanning back to as early as the 1970s. Studies have often relied on data gathered by Child Protective Services workers and court administrators. Some researchers have also used hypothetical scenarios to estimate rates. However, given the plethora of sampling methods, there is a large variation in estimated rates of false allegations of sexual abuse depending on the data source and context of the allegation. Additionally, methodological problems such as unclear or invalid criteria used to judge truth or falsity of an allegation, unrepresentative samples, and ignoring important contextual variables such as the stage at which an allegation is made, currently all render the determination of actual rates of false child sexual abuse allegations to be unknown. This examination of literature is intended to gain a firmer understanding of the frequency at which allegations are false and during which stage of prosecution they occur, thus assisting with the legal practice of distinguishing between a false versus positive allegation. Research reviewed supports two general conclusions: (a) the vast majority of allegations are true but (b) false allegations do occur at some non-negligible rate. Suggestions for future research, as well as cautions about claims about specific rates of false allegations in the courtroom, are provided.