Technical Rationality,Popular Culture and False Needs：the Modernity dimension of Marcuse＇s Critique of Consumer Society

马尔库塞是较早地明确使用＂消费社会＂这一称谓的西方马克思主义者。他认为,消费社会是富裕的,但同时也是病态的。第一,技术理性利用对消遣、娱乐、休闲等的控制,成为消费社会新的意识形态和统治形式;第二,不断发展的技术以及强大的商品和消费逻辑,彻底破坏了文化的传统形式和基础,使其丧失了颠覆和反抗功能,沦为单向度的文化;第三,消费社会不断地制造和满足各种虚假需求,这是所有异化现象的根源。基于对现代性的反思,马尔库塞构建了独特的消费社会批判理论。     

中国水产品统计数据修正规律研究——以水产品总量和海水产品产量为例

近年来,水产品统计数据存在水分问题引起了广泛关注。国家统计局已对1997—2006年间水产品部分指标数据进行了修正,但未对这些指标的虚报特征进行阐述。通过对修正前后水产品总量和海水产品产量2个指标的数据特征进行分析,发现这2个指标的虚报量存在3点规律:2个指标的虚报量变化规律均符合带截距线性模型;2个变量的估计虚报量可以分解为固定虚报量和可变虚报量两部分;从增长率、固定虚报量、可变虚报量变化率和平均虚报率角度来看,水产品总量虚报特征均强于海水产品虚报特征。     

A gradient approach to efficient design and analysis of multivariate EWMA control charts

Compared to the grid search approach to optimal design of control charts, the gradient-based approach is more computationally efficient as the gradient information indicates the direction to search the optimal design parameters. However, the optimal parameters of multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control charts are often obtained by using grid search in the existing literature. Note that the average run length (ARL) performance of the MEWMA chart can be calculated based on a Markov chain model, making it feasible to estimate the ARL gradient from it. Motivated by this, this paper develops an ARL gradient-based approach for the optimal design and sensitivity analysis of MEWMA control charts. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy-to-implement algorithm for the design and analysis of MEWMA charts, as compared to the conventional design approach based on grid search.     

对《兵马俑证谬》一文的问谬

《唐都学刊》2009年第2期发表刘九生《兵马俑证谬》一文,质疑秦始皇兵马俑身份,并提出＂兵马俑＂不是所谓的＂兵＂与＂马＂,而是一群＂郎＂系统。此文一出,报纸、电台、网络媒体风云而动,大有席卷之势。笔者限于学识,无法全面评价,仅对＂证谬＂不能释疑之处＂问谬＂一二。     

论刑法学界过度使用通说的现象及对策

刑法通说具有最大限度合理性,是被刑法理论和司法实务支持较多的观点学说。过度使用通说及使用伪刑法通说会给刑法学研究及学习带来诸多问题导致学术懒惰、引起刑法学研究主体整体迷失、遏制刑法学研究的发展。应避免过度使用刑法通说及使用伪刑法通说所持的观点和学说,让刑法初学者有充分的研究和学习空间,使刑法学术走向繁荣。     

A Phase I nonparametric Shewhart-type control chart based on the median

A nonparametric Shewhart-type control chart is proposed for monitoring the location of a continuous variable in a Phase I process control setting. The chart is based on the pooled median of the available Phase I samples and the charting statistics are the counts (number of observations) in each sample that are less than the pooled median. An exact expression for the false alarm probability (FAP) is given in terms of the multivariate hypergeometric distribution and this is used to provide tables for the control limits for a specified nominal FAP value (of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10, respectively) and for some values of the sample size (n) and the number of Phase I samples (m). Some approximations are discussed in terms of the univariate hypergeometric and the normal distributions. A simulation study shows that the proposed chart performs as well as, and in some cases better than, an existing Shewhart-type chart based on the normal distribution. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the implementation of the new chart.     

《童心说》的义理结构与中国非理性主义文学思想之发轫

《童心说》是李贽思想发展过程的一个必然性的重要成果,是李贽将心学的"吾心即性"说、伊斯兰教的以"净"为 真说、佛学"真空"说、老庄的"自然"说以及对"百姓日用迩言"观察之所得重新整合的结果,具有"空净"、"自然性"、"一念 心"、"为己"、"真情"的五层内涵。贯穿这五层内涵的精神本质是排斥后天的人力所为的"染"和"闻见道理"、"'六经'、 《语》、《孟》"之"假",以直觉的"自然真情"排斥传统的道德理性,具有非理性主义色彩。《童心说》中"天下之至文无不出于 童心"的童心表现说、"创制体格"无高下先后说,以及与写于《童心说》前后的文章中所阐发的内容形式无分界说、非技巧论 等一起构成了李贽的非理性主义文学思想体系。而中国此前的文学理论中虽有不少非理性的观念因素,却未曾产生自成体 系的非理性主义的思想理论,李贽的非理性主义文学思想具有开山之性质,并对以后的文学创作与批评产生了深远影响。     

英语语法"真""假"论

判断话语或言语的“真”与“假”有两条标准:一是依据客观事实;二是说写者意欲表达的信息。以此为主要依据,可以看出英语语法中的主谓一致、否定和时态所展示的不一致。主谓的不一致表现在谓语动词的数与结构的不一致和与意义的不一致;否定的“真”与“假”包含了否定的转移、形式的否定与意义的肯定以及结构的肯定与意义的否定;时态的讨论含盖了一般现在时表过去和将来时间,一般过去时表现在和将来时间以及SINCE从句、“假”主动态和“假”被动态等。     

广义优先关系下隐性时间、隐性时差和伪时差

在广义优先关系下的工序网络中，发现了奇异现象． 例如，某些工序的开始时间可早于最早开始时间，在不影响总工期的条件下，某些工序的工期延长量可超过总时差，而某些工序的结束时间可迟于最迟结束时间等． 这些现象无法用现有的时间参数值来解释． 通过研究奇异现象，揭示了工序的一些隐性特征，提出了隐性时间、隐性时差和伪时差的新概念，并给出了计算方法． 在很多情况下( 如调整工序的工期时) ，现有的时间参数值与实际不符，而上述隐性时间、隐性时差和伪时差能准确应用于实际． 另外，调整工序的工期是项目调度的重要措施，针对工序的工期在不影响总工期条件下的最大可延长量，发现常识性观点( 认为其等于现有总时差) 是错误的，并根据隐性时间参数值，给出了正确的算法．     

ESTIMATING THE FALSE NEGATIVE FRACTION FOR A MULTIPLE SCREENING TEST FOR BOWEL CANCER WHEN NEGATIVES ARE NOT VERIFIED

This paper aims to estimate the false negative fraction of a multiple screening test for bowel cancer, where those who give negative results for six consecutive tests do not have their true disease status verified. A subset of these same individuals is given a further screening test, for the sole purpose of evaluating the accuracy of the primary test. This paper proposes a beta heterogeneity model for the probability of a diseased individual ‘testing positive’ on any single test, and it examines the consequences of this model for inference on the false negative fraction. The method can be generalized to the case where selection for further testing is informative, though this did not appear to be the case for the bowel‐cancer data.