领域知识促进创造性问题解决——专家与新手的比较

研究采用错误记忆范式和远距离联想范式，探讨了领域知识对创造性问题解决的影响。结果发现，专家比新手产生更多的错误记忆，具有更好地解决创造性问题的能力。这一结果表明，专家在领域内比新手具有更广泛的概念扩散激活，能更好地解决创造性问题，说明领域知识在创造性思维过程中所发挥的独特作用。     

An investigation of the effects of inspection errors on the run-length control charts

For continuous inspection schemes in an automated manufacturing environment, a useful alternative to the traditional p or np chart is the Run-Length control chart, which is based on plotting the run lengths (the number of conforming items) between successive nonconforming items. However, its establishment relies on the error-free inspection assumption, which can seldom be met in practice. In this paper, the effects of inspection errors on the Run-Length chart are investigated based on that these errors are assumed known. The actual false alarm probability and the average number inspected (ANI) in the presence of inspection errors are studied. This paper also presents the adjusted control limits for the Run-Length chart, which can provide much closer ANI curves to the ones obtained under error-free inspection.     

《童心说》的义理结构与中国非理性主义文学思想之发轫

《童心说》是李贽思想发展过程的一个必然性的重要成果,是李贽将心学的"吾心即性"说、伊斯兰教的以"净"为 真说、佛学"真空"说、老庄的"自然"说以及对"百姓日用迩言"观察之所得重新整合的结果,具有"空净"、"自然性"、"一念 心"、"为己"、"真情"的五层内涵。贯穿这五层内涵的精神本质是排斥后天的人力所为的"染"和"闻见道理"、"'六经'、 《语》、《孟》"之"假",以直觉的"自然真情"排斥传统的道德理性,具有非理性主义色彩。《童心说》中"天下之至文无不出于 童心"的童心表现说、"创制体格"无高下先后说,以及与写于《童心说》前后的文章中所阐发的内容形式无分界说、非技巧论 等一起构成了李贽的非理性主义文学思想体系。而中国此前的文学理论中虽有不少非理性的观念因素,却未曾产生自成体 系的非理性主义的思想理论,李贽的非理性主义文学思想具有开山之性质,并对以后的文学创作与批评产生了深远影响。     

A gradient approach to efficient design and analysis of multivariate EWMA control charts

Compared to the grid search approach to optimal design of control charts, the gradient-based approach is more computationally efficient as the gradient information indicates the direction to search the optimal design parameters. However, the optimal parameters of multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control charts are often obtained by using grid search in the existing literature. Note that the average run length (ARL) performance of the MEWMA chart can be calculated based on a Markov chain model, making it feasible to estimate the ARL gradient from it. Motivated by this, this paper develops an ARL gradient-based approach for the optimal design and sensitivity analysis of MEWMA control charts. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy-to-implement algorithm for the design and analysis of MEWMA charts, as compared to the conventional design approach based on grid search.     

Bayesian False Discovery Rate Wavelet Shrinkage: Theory and Applications

Statistical inference in the wavelet domain remains a vibrant area of contemporary statistical research because of desirable properties of wavelet representations and the need of scientific community to process, explore, and summarize massive data sets. Prime examples are biomedical, geophysical, and internet related data. We propose two new approaches to wavelet shrinkage/thresholding.

In the spirit of Efron and Tibshirani's recent work on local false discovery rate, we propose Bayesian Local False Discovery Rate (BLFDR), where the underlying model on wavelet coefficients does not assume known variances. This approach to wavelet shrinkage is shown to be connected with shrinkage based on Bayes factors. The second proposal, Bayesian False Discovery Rate (BaFDR), is based on ordering of posterior probabilities of hypotheses on true wavelets coefficients being null, in Bayesian testing of multiple hypotheses.

We demonstrate that both approaches result in competitive shrinkage methods by contrasting them to some popular shrinkage techniques.     

从“诬告反坐”到“讹诈有罚”——对被救助者诬赖救助者立法惩罚的再思考

当下诸多被救助者诬告讹诈救助者事件的背后,无不折射出单纯中华传统道德诉求已经不能协调社会的健康发展。当道德的软性约束作用无法发挥时,通过法律制度的建设惩罚诬告讹诈者就成为必要。然现代"讹诈有罚"并非简单的惩恶扬善呼吁,也并非中国古代"诬告反坐"的直接过渡与顺承。立法惩罚诬告者还需从制度渊源、现行体制、证据认定、责任承担、惩罚措施等多方予以考虑。     

中国水产品统计数据修正规律研究——以水产品总量和海水产品产量为例

近年来,水产品统计数据存在水分问题引起了广泛关注。国家统计局已对1997—2006年间水产品部分指标数据进行了修正,但未对这些指标的虚报特征进行阐述。通过对修正前后水产品总量和海水产品产量2个指标的数据特征进行分析,发现这2个指标的虚报量存在3点规律:2个指标的虚报量变化规律均符合带截距线性模型;2个变量的估计虚报量可以分解为固定虚报量和可变虚报量两部分;从增长率、固定虚报量、可变虚报量变化率和平均虚报率角度来看,水产品总量虚报特征均强于海水产品虚报特征。     

Judicial Responses to the Protective Parent's Complaint of Child Sexual Abuse

No abstract available for this article.     

虚假需要与灰色幽默

在后现代历史语境,人们沉迷于消费社会的交换价值和符号价值,产生心理的虚假需要,追逐奢侈的欲望和沉醉于知识、商品、名利、权力等现实性对象,主体丧失审美判断力,成为感官与技术的奴隶,导致审美物化的结果.这种历史和心理的双重情境状态诱发“灰色幽默”的诞生.“灰色幽默”丧失对现实的批判和超越的美学功能,滥用想象力和移用庸俗的语言游戏,将粗俗当成朴实、矫情变为艺术、诱惑替代同情,用蓄意布置陷阱当成助人发泄排遣的笑料.于是形成如此的美学逻辑:虚假需要造就灰色幽默,灰色幽默造就低俗的娱乐活动,绘就一幅语言和欲望的狂欢图景.灰色幽默必然使接受心理得不到净化和升华,理想之光被遮蔽,诗性主体和审美活动被迫沉沦     

Technical Rationality,Popular Culture and False Needs：the Modernity dimension of Marcuse＇s Critique of Consumer Society

马尔库塞是较早地明确使用＂消费社会＂这一称谓的西方马克思主义者。他认为,消费社会是富裕的,但同时也是病态的。第一,技术理性利用对消遣、娱乐、休闲等的控制,成为消费社会新的意识形态和统治形式;第二,不断发展的技术以及强大的商品和消费逻辑,彻底破坏了文化的传统形式和基础,使其丧失了颠覆和反抗功能,沦为单向度的文化;第三,消费社会不断地制造和满足各种虚假需求,这是所有异化现象的根源。基于对现代性的反思,马尔库塞构建了独特的消费社会批判理论。