Predicting susceptibility to short-term stress with the defence mechanism test

The defence mechanism test (DMT) has been of considerable value in identifying individuals who are likely to show badly impaired judgement in times of sudden stress, yet it is little known outside Scandinavia. The DMT is described in this paper and its rationale fully discussed. There follows a critical review of studies in which DMT scores are related to performance in diverse (non-clinical) applied settings, the outcomes of which are generally most encouraging. A number of theoretical and practical problems are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.     

在职教师培训有效性提升途径之一:学业汇报书

当前在职教师培训低效的一个关键原因在于管理维度的缺失,而学业汇报书恰是破解问题的新途径。学业汇报书是综合考虑了送培单位、培训组织、参培教师三者之间的关系而开展的一项提升培训有效性的创新途径,在关注培训的过程中促进教师主动、自觉地接受培训。同时,学业汇报书也承担了评价功能、媒介功能和档案功能,为在职教师有效培训提供了一种新的导向工具。在培训实践中,应从观念、制度、科学设计等几个方面推进学业汇报书的实施。     

概念、测量与机制：服务型领导研究述评

21世纪,企业的内部环境和外部环境发生着前所未有的变化,给企业领导与管理带来巨大挑战。其中,企业员工的工作需求逐渐从传统的解决温饱发展为渴望得到领导关注、尊重,传统的领导方式已经难以满足现代组织及员工的需求,服务型领导应运而生。服务型领导可以定义为：领导者秉持服务精神,通过体贴入微的服务行为,构建信任关系,促进团队成员成长、实现愿景的过程。但我国学者的相关研究还处于起步阶段。对服务型领导的早期文献进行梳理和归纳,评价现状并辨析缺失,以促进服务型领导的中国研究和本土应用。建议服务型领导的相关理论研究,包括测量工具、前因变量、结果变量、作用机制的探索和检验基于上述概念展开。     

A folded model for compositional data analysis

A folded type model is developed for analysing compositional data. The proposed model involves an extension of the α‐transformation for compositional data and provides a new and flexible class of distributions for modelling data defined on the simplex sample space. Despite its rather seemingly complex structure, employment of the EM algorithm guarantees efficient parameter estimation. The model is validated through simulation studies and examples which illustrate that the proposed model performs better in terms of capturing the data structure, when compared to the popular logistic normal distribution, and can be advantageous over a similar model without folding.     

The Reproduction of Gender Inequality in Sweden: A Causal Mechanism Approach

In many respects, Sweden is maybe the country where public policies to increase the equality between men and women have been most prolonged and advanced. In 1996 the UN declared Sweden to be the most gender‐equal country in the world. However, women still take much more responsibility for children and domestic work than men do, leading to the reproduction of gender inequality in the labour market and in society at large. A causal mechanism is used to analyse this phenomenon, starting from the observation that men are on average three years older than women and thus already have a stronger position on the labour market when a heterosexual couple is formed. This increases the risk that the woman will lose the first negotiations on how to divide household and wage labour when they have children. This will in turn lead to increasing returns for the man, increasing the risk that she will lose subsequent negotiations about the division of labour. What seems to be a rational arrangement for both (increasing the total income for the family) results in the reproduction of gender inequality. The analysis shows that gender inequality in a country like Sweden is reproduced behind the backs of the agents.     

Collective Action,Everyday Protest,and Lived Religion

The conflict in 2001 at the Kukdong (now Mexmode) maquila garment factory is one of the rare cases of success in the wider struggle for independent unionism in Mexico. The success of the struggle, which has attracted scholars interested in the campaigns against sweatshop labour conditions and on behalf of labour internationalism, has been attributed chiefly to the role played by transnational advocacy networks in mobilizing pressure on the global sportswear giant Nike, whose brand-name, collegiate apparel was being produced in the plant. In this paper we seek not to explain why the struggle was successful, but to examine the trajectory it took over a protracted period of about nine months. We draw on McAdam et al.'s reformulation of the analysis of contentious, transgressive politics to identify three mechanisms that were particularly salient in shaping the course taken by the conflict: scale shift, actor decomposition, and brokerage. Scale shift occurred as the workers quickly escalated the conflict by broadening their demands from the resolution of particular concrete grievances to a demand for freedom of association that made the existing corporatist union, the FROC-CROC, which had a signed a protection contract with the plant's management, the principal target of opposition and challenge. Actor decomposition occurred as the workers' strategy locally and transnationally sought to isolate the FROC-CROC by detaching it from other members of the corporate–state bloc (Kukdong management, Nike, and the local political authorities). Brokerage, finally, occurred as Nike in particular was used to mediate pressure from the workers' transnational supporters (principally labour rights NGOs and the anti-sweatshop movement) on Kukdong and the local political authorities to respect the workers' right to freedom of association, which resulted in the ouster of the FROC-CROC as the legally certified union at the factory and its replacement with an independent union (SITEMEX) formed by the workers themselves.     

论文化差异影响传媒走出去的七大机理

在传媒文化产品走出去中，文化差异以其独特的工作原理影响国际传媒产品的消费者接受，有特殊的发生机理，并呈现不同的机理形态，主要包括新奇性趋近机理、陌生化排斥机理、偏向性理解机理、反向性误读机理、认同性因应机理、认可性兼容机理、思想场同啸机理等。     

和谐社会视阈下扩大公民有序政治参与探析

扩大公民有序政治参与是构建和谐社会的重要手段。当前公民政治参与现状与和谐社会标准尚有差距。加快政治体制改革，发展协商参与机制；塑造参与型政治文化，提高公民意识；实行政府透明治理，完善政务公开是扩大公民有序政治参与的重要途径。     

高等学校教学督导工作探析

从高等学校建立教学督导的组织形式、特点、内容、职能以及构成要素间的相互关系 ,对高等学校建立教学督导制度进行探讨。认为教学督导对加强教学管理、推进教学改革、提高教师素质和教学质量、完善教学管理体制等方面初步显示出重要作用