WTO巴厘一揽子协定粮食安全条款谈判:背景、进展与对策

巴厘一揽子协定为中国保障粮食安全带来了新局面。从关税及贸易总协定、乌拉圭至多哈回合时期,粮食安全关注越来越成为谈判的重点,多哈回合谈判中各大利益集团也就其自身情况表明不同的谈判立场及利益诉求。协定的达成,在确认粮食安全等非贸易关注的重要意义、公共储备计划的"和平条款"、关税配额制度改革等方面实现突破的同时,又存在文件约束力低下、取消发达国家农产品补贴目标失败、利好政策实施程序及条件复杂等缺憾。对于中国而言,应分析此次协定为增强中国的粮食获取能力带来的政策利好,继续在后续谈判中加强对粮食安全的关注,同时及时地修改中国的粮食安全相关法律法规。     

网络促销方式对消费者购买意愿的影响机制研究

为了探究消费者在网络购物时品牌熟悉度与商家促销方式对其购买意愿的交互影响,模拟了网络购物情景,利用消费者的双系统信息处理理论(情感处理系统、认知处理系统)对消费者的购买意愿进行分析,检验了品牌熟悉度(高和低)和网络促销方式(价格促销与非价格促销)对消费者购买意愿的交互影响以及作用机制。结果表明,对于高熟悉度品牌,价格促销比非价格促销更能引起消费者的购买意愿,其中介机制为情感处理系统;对于低熟悉度品牌,非价格促销比价格促销更能引起消费者的购买意愿,其中介机制为认知处理系统。     

食品检测咀嚼机器人工作空间研究

为了提高食品检测效率,改善食品检测精度,增加食品检测的客观性,文章介绍了一种基于6-UPS机构的咀嚼机器人,介绍了咀嚼机器人的结构原理,求解了机构的运动学逆解,分析了机构的工作空间影响因素,利用MATLAB编程求得机构在定姿态下的工作空间。空间轮廓图表明,该机构在定姿态下能到达人类全部真实咀嚼空间,机构设计可靠,能够模拟人类咀嚼行为对食品进行检测。     

基于视觉传感的焊缝跟踪系统研究现状

视觉传感技术在焊接机器人上的应用,大大提高了机器人的焊接效率和焊接质量。文中介绍了基于视觉传感的 焊缝跟踪系统的分类及主动视觉和被动视觉技术的基本原理;分析了图像处理技术的滤波去噪、图像分割与边缘检测和 特征分析等研究方法;分析了焊缝跟踪系统的控制结构和智能控制技术的应用现状。最后提出根据视觉传感系统测得 焊缝的信息,实时调节焊接参数以及焊枪角度等工艺参数进行自动化和智能化焊接是未来发展方向。     

再议规模经营中的粮食安全问题:争议回应与政策启示

在既定资源约束下实现粮食产出最大化是粮食生产安全的核心。而今旨在提升粮食竞争力的农业规模经营虽得到政府力推,却并非保障国家粮食安全的充分条件。在梳理规模经营与粮食安全保障相关争论的基础上,结合调研资料,依次回应了规模经营后农地是否大概率用于种粮、规模经营是否可持续以及规模经营能否保障粮食产量三个焦点问题。研究发现,与小农经营相比,规模经营与种植结构“非粮化”虽无必然联系,却存在规模经济不显著及单产提升乏力等问题。对此,一方面应强化小农扶持力度,巩固维系小农群体的粮食保障功能;另一方面应调整规模经营主体的政策干预结构,除非在规模经济与土地产出率不一致的情形下,应最大化避免对规模经营主体的直接干预,降低政策的扭曲效应,推动规模经济实现。     

关于中国粮食科技发展问题的几点思考

在分析我国粮食科技发展存在的主要问题和面临的发展机遇的基础上,提出了我国“十一五”粮食科技的发展方向和落实《“十一五”粮食科技发展指导意见》的工作建议。     

How Mood and Task Complexity Affect Children's Recognition of Others' Emotions

Previous studies examined how mood affects children's accuracy in matching emotional expressions and labels (label‐based tasks). This study was the first to assess how induced mood (positive, neutral, or negative) influenced five‐ to eight‐year‐olds' accuracy and reaction time using both context‐based tasks, which required inferring a character's emotion from a vignette, and label‐based tasks. Both tasks required choosing one of four facial expressions to respond. Children responded more accurately to label‐based questions relative to context‐based questions at the age of five to seven, but showed no differences at the age of eight, and when the emotional expression being identified was happiness, sadness, or surprise, but not disgust. For the context‐based questions, children were more accurate at inferring sad and disgusted emotions compared with happy and surprised emotions. Induced positive mood facilitated five‐year‐olds' processing (decreased reaction time) in both tasks compared with induced negative and neutral moods. Results demonstrate how task type and children's mood influence children's emotion processing at different ages.     

Three layers of history in recurrent social movements: the case of food reform

Using the understudied genre of food reform movements for illustration, we advocate greater attention to recurrent social movements. Analysis of these movements calls for combining three levels of historical analysis. One links the incidence and character of mobilization to long-term, large-scale historical changes; the second shows how periods of activism are also animated and shaped by specific historical contexts; and the third tracks legacies from earlier to later periods, thus both tracing additional causal influences and connecting separate cases into coherent sequences. The social movements literature includes excellent examples of each type of historical account. Combining types is much less common. Doing so, we contend, offers methodological advantages for scholars comparing and sequencing mobilization around similar problems in different historical periods. We develop the argument from three eras of food protest: Grahamites in the 1830s and early 1840s, dietary reformers and food safety campaigners of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and organic advocates who gained popular support beginning in the late 1960s.     

The Role of Social Goals in Bullies' and Victims' Social Information Processing in Response to Ambiguous and Overtly Hostile Provocation

Understanding what social goals are associated with bullying and victimization behaviours, even after allowing for biases in interpretation of and affective responses to social events, is critical for understanding the socio‐behavioural profile of bullies and victims. In the present study, 181 nine‐ to ten‐year‐olds' affective responses, attribution of intent, and social goals were assessed in the context of a series of ambiguous and overtly hostile provocation vignettes. Results showed that even after allowing for other social information processing biases, social goals were meaningfully associated with bullying and victimization scores. Bullying was inversely associated with relationship‐building goals, and positively associated with goals to be assertive over the provocateur when provocation was overtly hostile. Being victimized was associated with having submissive goals even when provocation was ambiguous and after accounting for attribution of hostile intent. Findings are discussed in light of theoretical and practical implications.     

The effects of perceived quality of organizationally provided meal service on employees’ job performance and mediating role of organizational identification

Contemporary managers are developing alternative ways to sustain their competitive advantages. Motivation-enhancing features such as high-quality meal service provided by organizations can be thought of as one of these methods. The effect of the perceived quality of meal service provided by organizations on the job performance of employees and the mediating role of organizational identification during this process is studied. Private security-sector employees working in Turkey (N?=?597) are being focused in this study. As a result of analyses (correlation and regression analyses, structural equation model), the authors find that the perceived quality of meal service provided by organizations improves employees’ job performance significantly and organizational identification has a partial mediating role on this association. The findings of this study will be of interest to key stakeholders such as public or private organizations, labor unions and the media.