Classical testing in functional linear models

We extend four tests common in classical regression – Wald, score, likelihood ratio and F tests – to functional linear regression, for testing the null hypothesis, that there is no association between a scalar response and a functional covariate. Using functional principal component analysis, we re-express the functional linear model as a standard linear model, where the effect of the functional covariate can be approximated by a finite linear combination of the functional principal component scores. In this setting, we consider application of the four traditional tests. The proposed testing procedures are investigated theoretically for densely observed functional covariates when the number of principal components diverges. Using the theoretical distribution of the tests under the alternative hypothesis, we develop a procedure for sample size calculation in the context of functional linear regression. The four tests are further compared numerically for both densely and sparsely observed noisy functional data in simulation experiments and using two real data applications.     

论电子商务法的功能等同原则

通过对电子商务法功能等同原则基本内涵的剖析以及国际国内电子商务法对功能等同原则的体现，阐述了为什么只有电子商务法领域才有功能等同原则、功能等同原则是如何与其它原则一同构成电子商务法基本原则体系的、功能等同原则对立法和司法实践具有什么指导意义，并最终得出功能等同原则不应该长久地作为电子商务法的基本原则的结论。     

Mean estimation with data missing at random for functional covariables

In a missing-data setting, we want to estimate the mean of a scalar outcome, based on a sample in which an explanatory variable is observed for every subject while responses are missing by happenstance for some of them. We consider two kinds of estimates of the mean response when the explanatory variable is functional. One is based on the average of the predicted values and the second one is a functional adaptation of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator. We show that the infinite dimensionality of the problem does not affect the rates of convergence by stating that the estimates are root-n consistent, under missing at random (MAR) assumption. These asymptotic features are completed by simulated experiments illustrating the easiness of implementation and the good behaviour on finite sample sizes of the method. This is the first paper emphasizing that the insensitiveness of averaged estimates, well known in multivariate non-parametric statistics, remains true for an infinite-dimensional covariable. In this sense, this work opens the way for various other results of this kind in functional data analysis.     

Regression for non-Euclidean data using distance matrices

Regression methods for common data types such as measured, count and categorical variables are well understood but increasingly statisticians need ways to model relationships between variable types such as shapes, curves, trees, correlation matrices and images that do not fit into the standard framework. Data types that lie in metric spaces but not in vector spaces are difficult to use within the usual regression setting, either as the response and/or a predictor. We represent the information in these variables using distance matrices which requires only the specification of a distance function. A low-dimensional representation of such distance matrices can be obtained using methods such as multidimensional scaling. Once these variables have been represented as scores, an internal model linking the predictors and the responses can be developed using standard methods. We call scoring as the transformation from a new observation to a score, whereas backscoring is a method to represent a score as an observation in the data space. Both methods are essential for prediction and explanation. We illustrate the methodology for shape data, unregistered curve data and correlation matrices using motion capture data from an experiment to study the motion of children with cleft lip.     

俄语引语现象思辨——Л·Петрушевская短篇小说中的引语研究

对Л.Петрушевская短篇小说中新出现的引语现象,运用已有的俄语引语研究成果无力做出解释。中俄学界与欧美学界在引语研究领域有一些概念上的不同认识和理解,通过对其进行必要的分析,并借鉴欧美及国内英语学界在该领域及相关领域的研究成果,可以在一定程度上解决这些新问题。而在此基础上所提出的俄语引语的新体系：直接式引语和间接式引语;语境型引语和功能型引语,能够较为全面地解释Л.Петрушевская及俄罗斯其他后现代作家作品中出现的新的引语现象。     

上海CBD建设及陆家嘴——外滩核心CBD发展构想

CBD是城市的核心和灵魂，也是城市经济功能重要的载体。本文从现代CBD发展的国际趋势入手，对上海城市CBD建设过程的发展状况和存在问题两个方面进行了分析，提出了上海未来CBD的建设思路。在此基础上，对上海陆家嘴一外滩核心CBD区域功能规划进行了深入具体的研究，指出了陆家嘴一外滩核心CBD发展的不足，提出了未来发展的规划目标和功能设想，并在政策和制度上提出了保障措施。     

反垄断执法机关和产业监管机关职能划分的考察维度

我国《反垄断法》对于如何协调反垄断执法机关与产业监管机关之间的职能处于缺位状态,激化了二者在实践中的矛盾。在当前国情下,产业监管机关的存在有其合理性,二者之间实行合作模式有助于调和产业政策与竞争政策的关系。在考察具体职能划分时,需充分结合静态、动态及个别考察维度,既发挥二者各自的优势特点,又结合历史发展的具体阶段以及个案存在,最终实现提高效率的目的。     

An Evaluation of Simulations in Developmental Disabilities (SIDD): Instructional Software that Provides Practice in Behavioral Assessment and Treatment Decisions

ABSTRACT

Simulations in Developmental Disabilities (SIDD) is a multimedia computer program designed to provide undergraduate psychology students with practice in making assessment and treatment decisions. Eighteen undergraduate psychology students participated in an experiment to test the instructional effectiveness of SIDD. Post-test scores were significantly higher in the experimental group who received training with SIDD than in a control group who did not receive training. The students also rated the software positively. Future strategies to further evaluate the software are discussed.     

我国翻译质量评价研究的现状与趋势

翻译质量评价研究在我国译学研究中已经走过了相当一段路程,并取得了不小的成绩。论文围绕我国翻译质量评价之歧路、西方翻译评价理论在中国之引介、翻译质量评价新动向等方面对国内翻译质量评价研究的现状进行梳理,以期对我国的翻译质量评价研究提供参考。作为译学研究的重要组成部分,功能语言学为翻译质量评价提供了强大理论基础,语料库研究为其提供了可资借鉴的实证研究路径,将这二者结合或可使翻译评价研究走出一条新路。     

论清初丁酉世盟高会

顺治十四年,冒襄于南京举行了丁酉世盟高会,大会故交同盟子弟.雅集上众人共同抒发了故国之思及抗清思变的愿望,造成集体拒绝参加江南乡试的政治影响.然而由于同盟后人的敌国之思终究存在隔闵、抗争思想不够坚决及难以抗拒现实利益的诱惑,使得拒绝参加清廷科考只能是暂时性的偶发事件.