Theorising the power of citizenship as claims-making

I advance a conceptual approach to citizenship as membership through claims-making. In this approach, citizenship is a relational process of making membership claims on polities, people and institutions, claims recognized or rejected within particular normative understandings of citizenship. Such a conceptual shift moves scholarship beyond typologizing—enumerating how citizenship is (or is not) about status, rights, participation and identity—to identifying the mechanisms through which claims on citizenship have power. This framework requires a relational approach and attention to dynamics of recognition within contexts of structured agency. Immigrants and their children can make claims to modify the normative content of citizenship, affect recognition evaluations and change the allocation of status and rights. But they are also constrained by legal structures, a society's institutional practices, and prevailing public perceptions. Citizenship as claims-making may require a reassessment of boundary approaches and a turn to metaphors of positionality, as well as more serious commitment to mixed-methods research. The stakes of understanding citizenship's power, as practice and status, are especially high right now. Yet based on existing scholarship, it is not entirely clear how much citizenship matters, in what ways, for whom, or why. This is the challenge for future scholarship.     

Restricted minimax estimation in semiparametric linear models

Abstract

In this article we develop the minimax estimation approach of general linear models to the semiparametric linear models when the parameters are simultaneously constrained by an ellipsoid and linear restrictions. Combining sample information and prior constraints the minimax estimator is obtained and compared with partially least square estimator by theoretical and simulation methods.     

Security Investment in Contagious Networks

Security of the systems is normally interdependent in such a way that security risks of one part affect other parts and threats spread through the vulnerable links in the network. So, the risks of the systems can be mitigated through investments in the security of interconnecting links. This article takes an innovative look at the problem of security investment of nodes on their vulnerable links in a given contagious network as a game‐theoretic model that can be applied to a variety of applications including information systems. In the proposed game model, each node computes its corresponding risk based on the value of its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats to determine the optimum level of security investments on its external links respecting its limited budget. Furthermore, direct and indirect nonlinear influences of a node's security investment on the risks of other nodes are considered. The existence and uniqueness of the game's Nash equilibrium in the proposed game are also proved. Further analysis of the model in a practical case revealed that taking advantage of the investment effects of other players, perfectly rational players (i.e., those who use the utility function of the proposed game model) make more cost‐effective decisions than selfish nonrational or semirational players.     

论数字货币的私法性质——以日本Bitcoin.Cafe数字货币交易所破产案为中心

数字货币，是一种具有财产性价值属性的电磁记录型数据。数字货币在其依存的区块链体系中所彰显的与不特定者之间的支付对价性、与法定货币之间的互换性、使用电子信息处理系统进行转移的在线转移性等特点，得以从数据说的角度，将其作为一种数据性财产权在现行法律框架内对其私法性质进行讨论。有鉴于我国民法总则已将数据纳入保护客体的范畴，数字货币作为数据之一种，理应成为一种新型法律客体，在得到法律理论支撑的基础上获得保护。     

相互保险的风险识别及创新解决方案——基于TRIZ和TIF理论

相互保险是保险组织形态中非常重要的一种,但是由于信息不对称,相对于其他保险模式而言,同样存在着逆向选择和道德风险问题。传统的监管模式下,监管渗透不够,反制力不强,导致了相互保险无法彻底解决逆向选择和道德风险的治理困境。本文基于塔福域理论和TRIZ理论系统地分析了相互保险模式中存在的风险,并且提出了创新性的解决方案,即构建“保险域”。     

站在人类先进文化发展的潮头

该文以唯物史观为指导,阐明了马克思主义文化理论、中国现代文化的形成和中国先进文化的发展方向.作者认为文化是人类社会在经济、政治、精神上的反映,包括意识形态和其他一切精神活动及其产物,对经济、政治又具有强大的反作用.中国现代社会主义文化是由农业封建主义文化在近百年的经济、政治发展的基础上逐渐演变而成的,它的前进方向是面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化.     

文言文的英译技巧--林语堂译《浮生六记》与马丁·路德翻译细则之碰撞

从分析林译《浮生六记》与马丁·路德的翻译细则的碰撞入手 ,指出了新世纪的中国译学应是求同性与存异性的统一 ,既要广泛地批判吸收世界各国的译学传统 ,同时又要积极保持并展示自己文化的独立性与深度     

常德市旅游、商贸宣传品的英译探讨

要达到对外宣传预期的目的 ,旅游、商贸对外宣传品的翻译必须正确、得体、一致。实例表明 ,常德市旅游、商贸对外宣传品的翻译在这些方面普遍存在问题。因此 ,要提高翻译质量 ,除管理者高度重视外 ,译者要加强英、汉语功底的修养 ,培养敬业精神     

构建现代远程开放教育考试体系初探

现代远程开放教育是基于以学习者为中心的开放学习和个别化学习。我们应从素质教育的培养目标出发 ,依据现代考试测量理论 ,利用现代科技手段 ,建立现代远程开放教育考试体系 ,客观、准确地评价学习者的进步状况以及在学识、能力等方面达到的水平 ,使学习者在学习过程中不断自我完善 ,培养他们积极进取的精神     

孙中山的宪政民主论及其价值

孙中山的宪政民主论是其民权主义政治学说的核心组成部分,在辛亥革命中及此后,起了巨大的推动历史变革的作用,迄今仍有在政治思维上的启示性价值:人民主权学说、直接民权与间接民权相结合思想,以及素朴的民主集中制观念,对于建设有中国特色的社会主义民主政治,有一定的历史借鉴意义.