一般进化的微观机制

一般进化在系统内微观子系统层次上的微观机制 ,是涨落单元内外部子系统之间互为因果循环的正反馈类型的相互作用。其本质特征 ,是双方之间作用的非对称性 ,表现为一方的属性支配着另一方属性的变化 ,另一方丧失自己原先的属性而以一方的属性为自己的新属性。这种相互作用同时具有协同和放大效应 ,从而使涨落单元由局部迅速放大到整体 ,而形成一个新的有序结构     

普通化学课程多媒体网络教学模式的探索

在现代教育理论的指导下,探讨运用多媒体网络教学优势。多媒体网络辅助教学作为一种先进的教学手段在教学各方面都起着非常重要的作用,丰富课堂内容,激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生创新思维和解决问题的能力,提高普通化学教学质量。     

一站式装修管理模式的法律探析

一站式装修模式正以其自身的优越性在装修行业流行，然而作为装修行业的新生事物的出现，引发出不少制度管翠上和法律上的问题。目前很少有学者对一站式装修模式进行法理探析的，而剖析一站式装修模式带来的管理上和法律上的问题，并对一站式装修模式提出立法建议，对规范装修市场具有重大的意义。     

论我国高校“人文教育”本科专业设置之必要性

深化高等教育改革,优化专业学科结构与人才培养模式,成为了提升高等教育质量的时代主题.高等教育设置"人文教育"本科专业之必要性表现为:全面推进素质教育,深化新课程改革的迫切需要;深化高师教育改革,优化学科专业结构的理性选择;服务地方经济,发展各项人文事业的逻辑定位;配合构建和谐社会,弘扬人文精神的必要举措.     

中国大学通识教育二十年的理性反思

通识教育作为教育理念和教育实践的统一体,是重要的高等教育内容。我国内地大学通识教育近二十年（1987-2006）的发展经历了三个阶段,省察理论研究与教学实践中存在的问题,可以更好地把握通识教育的发展脉络,提高我国大学的通识教育水平。     

Semiparametric Likelihood Based Method for Goodness of Fit Tests and Estimation in Upgraded Mixture Models

We use Owen's (1988, 1990) empirical likelihood method in upgraded mixture models. Two groups of independent observations are available. One is z ₁, ..., z _n which is observed directly from a distribution F ( z ). The other one is x ₁, ..., x _m which is observed indirectly from F ( z ), where the x _i s have density ∫ p ( x | z ) dF ( z ) and p ( x | z ) is a conditional density function. We are interested in testing H ₀: p ( x | z ) = p ( x | z ; θ ), for some specified smooth density function. A semiparametric likelihood ratio based statistic is proposed and it is shown that it converges to a chi-squared distribution. This is a simple method for doing goodness of fit tests, especially when x is a discrete variable with finitely many values. In addition, we discuss estimation of θ and F ( z ) when H ₀ is true. The connection between upgraded mixture models and general estimating equations is pointed out.     

"技术"课程的师资培养探讨

选取湛江师范学院机电技术、电子技术和计算机教育3个专业的在校师范生作为对象,对他们的"技术知识"和"技术素养"作了问卷调查.通过分析调查数据,针对新课程下中学"技术"课程的师资培养进行了探讨,进而对相关课程的分解与设置提出了初步的看法与建议.     

论我国著作权冲突规范的立法设计

我国有关著作权法律适用的立法至今仍付之阙如,不管从理论还是司法实践的角度来看,我国著作权法律适用的立法都是必要的。在立法中应采用分割的方法,对不同的著作权问题规定不同的冲突规范。在著作权本体的法律适用上可采用保护国法与来源国法相结合的做法,著作权合同的法律适用可以采用一般合同的冲突规范,而在著作权侵权的法律适用上以侵权行为地法为主,法院地法为辅。     

Gaussian copula distributions for mixed data,with application in discrimination

The construction of a joint model for mixed discrete and continuous random variables that accounts for their associations is an important statistical problem in many practical applications. In this paper, we use copulas to construct a class of joint distributions of mixed discrete and continuous random variables. In particular, we employ the Gaussian copula to generate joint distributions for mixed variables. Examples include the robit-normal and probit-normal-exponential distributions, the first for modelling the distribution of mixed binary-continuous data and the second for a mixture of continuous, binary and trichotomous variables. The new class of joint distributions is general enough to include many mixed-data models currently available. We study properties of the distributions and outline likelihood estimation; a small simulation study is used to investigate the finite-sample properties of estimates obtained by full and pairwise likelihood methods. Finally, we present an application to discriminant analysis of multiple correlated binary and continuous data from a study involving advanced breast cancer patients.     

Constructing optimal designs for fitting pharmacokinetic models

We consider some computational issues that arise when searching for optimal designs for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Special factors that distinguish these are (i) repeated observations are taken from each subject and the observations are usually described by a nonlinear mixed model (NLMM), (ii) design criteria depend on the model fitting procedure, (iii) in addition to providing efficient parameter estimates, the design must also permit model checking, (iv) in practice there are several design constraints, (v) the design criteria are computationally expensive to evaluate and often numerical integration is needed and finally (vi) local optimisation procedures may fail to converge or get trapped at local optima.We review current optimal design algorithms and explore the possibility of using global optimisation procedures. We use these latter procedures to find some optimal designs.For multi-purpose designs we suggest two surrogate design criteria for model checking and illustrate their use.