Examining educational inequalities in two national systems: a comparison of the North African second generation in France and the Mexican second generation in the United States

This paper aims to compare the educational outcomes of children of immigrants in France and in the United States to highlight the ethnic educational inequalities in both countries. The comparison focuses on children from two groups: North Africans in France and Mexicans in the United States. By using two longitudinal datasets, the French Educational Panel Survey and Add Health, we examine aspirations, expectations, and secondary attainment in the two contexts. We explore in particular the role of parental education on attainment. Immigrant families have high educational aspirations in both contexts. North-African families express higher aspirations than native French with similar background, while there are no significant differences between second-generation Mexicans and the majority group net of parental education. Second-generation children are disadvantaged in school in both countries; they are more likely to drop out and less likely to graduate from high school, but most of the disadvantage is related to their social background. Net of social background, the Mexican second generation does not differ from the majority group while the North African second generation is more likely to get the French high school diploma than their peers of French origins, in line with their high aspirations. However, North Africans are more likely to receive the technological baccalauréat than the general baccalauréat.     

“90后”大学生入学教育新模式探索

高校应针对"90后"大学生的特点及独特的个性,探索新的教育途径和方法。     

发电成本垂直差异电力市场概率发电——基于大用户电量偏好视角

针对碳减排后普遍存在的发电成本垂直差异电力市场及其显著的大用户电量偏好差异,本文提出概率性电量供给以及与之对应的概率发电,并利用价格杠杆调控发电商低碳发电尤其高发电成本发电机会与供给效能不足.先后构建发电成本内、外生选择下的概率发电模型,求解发电商的电量供给均衡并分析概率发电策略的最优性.最后,将发电成本内生选择模型拓展到分解市场需求不确定性的概率发电模型.研究发现:相比基准发电,概率发电可以作为一种有利可图的发电容量过剩的解决方法,即使在发电成本内生选择时也是可行的;当发电商采用“强”成本差异的发电策略时,引入折中的概率发电会让产品线上成本水平相互更接近,且大用户的消费者剩余得到提高;与此相反,在市场中实施“弱”成本差异发电,发电商利用概率发电则增大成本分离并降低大用户的消费者剩余;在不确定性市场需求下,当偏好低发电成本电量的大用户对单位发电成本的估价相对于偏好高发电成本电量的大用户对单位发电成本的估价足够高时,概率发电可以以一种管理不利需求状况工具的身份出现.     

贫困地区新生代女性农民工休闲生活现状调查研究--以甘肃省定西市为例

休闲已成为现代人生活、工作所不可或缺的组成部分。作为经济转型时期的特殊社会群体,新生代女性农民工的休闲生活现状值得关注。研究以甘肃省定西市为例,从休闲时间、休闲消费、休闲认知三个维度对本地区新生代女性农民工与男性农民工、同龄城市女青年休闲生活进行对比研究,得出结论:贫困地区新生代女性农民工休闲时间严重不足,主要休闲消费方式仍处于消极型的休闲层次类型;相对于上一代农民工而言,她们已经认识到休闲的重要性,但由于受封闭的休闲空间及拮据的经济条件所限,她们的休闲动机仍停留在马斯洛的五个需求层次中前两层的初级需要。针对此现状,文章提出了相应的对策与建议。      

陈大为:新生代意识的诠释者

陈大为以教学、研究、创作"三栖"的状态表明着他作为新生代意识的阐释者的地位,他往往以"先发制人"的理论、挑战的姿态去揭示抑制在现行文学秩序深层的盲视,又"后发制人"地以自身的创作实践拓展颠覆既存意识形态的潜能。他的诗更以其反僵化的突围意识、"边缘"的移民史观和创作主体性、对"诗的故乡"的呵护等,呈现出南洋新生代的创作追求。他的典律构建视野的扩大,更意味着文学史将接纳新生代,而且是以改变自身的根本性格局来接纳他们。     

悬垂话题句的线性化研究

根据关系化测试法，悬垂话题句可以分为移位生成和基础生成两大类型。话题移位的激发机制来源于移位成分不可解释的[-Topic]特征；线性化理论决定拼读时复制成分的删除模式。移位生成的话题句中，只有删除除了句首所有的话题复本才是最优的选择；基础生成的话题句在循环线性化的理论下可以直接生成。     

Shame and pride in second-generation German identity in Melbourne,Australia: emotions and white ethnicity

As members of an established, well-integrated, white ethnic group, second-generation Germans are largely invisible in Australian society. Given this, they are easily presumed a group for whom Gans’ notion of ‘symbolic ethnicity’ might apply. However, based on interviews with adult children of German immigrants in Melbourne, Australia, this article suggests an alternative interpretation using recent literature on the role of emotions for identity. In the interviews with adult children of German immigrants in Melbourne, Australia, the notions of shame and pride in relation to ethnic identity were clearly evident. Shame often emerged in interaction with other people in Australia, and particularly in relation to Nazism and the Second World War. However, most respondents felt equally proud of their German heritage, particularly later in life. These findings suggest that ethnic identity for these second-generation Germans is a deeper, embodied experience that is similar to what Bourdieu terms habitus.     

Sanyog: A Speech Enabled Communication System for the Speech Impaired and People with Multiple Disorders

SUMMARY

The paper presents a multilingual communication tool that has been designed for helping in the communication needs of people with severe speech and multiple disorders. The system accepts icons, selected through special access switches, as input and can form natural language sentences, which can be spoken out using in-built text-to-speech synthesizer. The system has been deployed and is being field tested at the schools for the children with cerebral palsy in India.     

An Easily Implemented Generalised Inverse Gaussian Generator

Using the ‘ratio’ method an easily implemented algorithm is derived for the generalised inverse Gaussian distribution. Computer timings and efficiency calculations show that the procedure is fast over a wide range of distribution parameter values.     

先锋:一种姿态的两种向度

艺术领域内曾被广泛使用的先锋一词在命名的同时 ,也为我们更深入地把握某些艺术的本质设置了迷雾。不同的先锋艺术群落在表面上往往表现为具有相似特征的共同姿态 ,但其内在的价值取向却可能截然相反。比如朦胧诗与第三代诗歌。朦胧诗虽然在艺术表现手法上大量采用象征、变形、自由联想等手法 ,具有现代主义诗歌的特点 ,但理想与关怀依然是其主要的价值取向 ;而第三代诗歌尽管继承了朦胧诗的叛逆精神 ,但在价值取向上却大多走向了游戏与虚无