全国及省际人力资本水平存量估算

估算全国和省际人力资本水平是经济增长研究所不能回避的问题。当前的研究主要采用教育年限法、物质投入法、生产函数法、人力资本回报法、人力资本特征与收入法和J-F终生收入法等六种方法。多角度比较和判别,可以验证生产函数法测算的各年相对人力资本水平较为可靠。使用生产函数法估算全国和各省的1952-2008年的人力资本存量,可刻画统一单位衡量的全国和各省人力资本水平。总体来说,全国和各省人力资本水平呈增长状态,各省人力资本存量以及增长速度存在明显差异。     

山东抗日根据地的灾荒与救济

抗战时期,山东根据地遭受了严重的天灾敌祸,由此而产生了极大的荒情。根据地党和政府及时采取了多项有力措施:一方面大力放赈救急,另一方面领导根据地军民扩大生产,增加财富。根据地的救荒运动不但为战胜灾荒、争取抗战胜利奠定了基础,而且也推动了社会进步。     

人类学视角中的荣昌陶艺——关于荣昌陶艺的田野调查

荣昌陶器技艺是中国传统陶器技艺的重要组织部分，因其历史悠久、工艺精湛而久负盛名，与江苏宜兴陶、云南建水陶、广西钦州陶并称为中国四大名陶，荣昌又与广东佛山、江苏宜兴一起被誉为中国“三大陶都”。在千百年的传承和发展过程中，荣昌陶器为巴蜀地区人民的生产和生活曾做出过重要贡献。在非物质文化遗产保护热兴起的今天，重新梳理荣昌陶器技艺产生和发展的场境，发掘潜藏在陶器技艺背后的经济和文化动因，能够使我们在文化生态和生产条件发生巨大变化的今天更好地保护、传承和发展荣昌陶艺。     

我国盐业产业组织政策研究

产业组织政策的基本目标就是要促进产业实现有效竞争,我国盐业产业组织政策并没达到有效竞争的目标,长期处于"二元"产业组织结构。一方面"大工业盐"市场集中度较低,竞争过度,另一方面"食小盐"市场部门垄断严重,竞争缺失,导致产业组织效率低下。因此,当务之急,不仅要实行管制与竞争相兼容的盐业特许投标政策,还要出台规模经济与竞争活力相兼容的系列有效竞争政策——企业并购政策、经济规模政策和竞争活力政策,以促成金字塔形的产业组织体系,彰显各层次企业的规模经济,实现有效竞争,提高产业经济效率,进而提升我国盐业产业的国际竞争力。     

材料发展对建筑装饰设计影响的研究

由材料发展引发的一系列关于建筑装饰设计创新的概念,其主要的目的就是更好将建筑装饰设计与材料运用结合起来。只有通过建筑装饰材料的更新与发展,才能达到将建筑装饰设计艺术、技术结合起来快速发展的目标。从建筑装饰材料发展的历史入手,分析建筑装饰材料使用现状,结合材料特性、绿色环保、智能材料、节能材料、低碳等角度对未来材料的可能性发展方向及其对建筑装饰设计的影响进行探讨,总结归纳材料发展对建筑装饰设计影响的一般性规律,促进建筑装饰设计文化的发展与繁荣,营造宜居人居环境。     

Cloud manufacturing system for sheet metal processing

Abstract

Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises run their businesses. Cloud manufacturing is emerging as an approach to transform the traditional manufacturing business model, while helping the manufacturer to align production efficiency with its business strategy, and creating intelligent factory networks that enable collaboration across the whole enterprise. Many production planning and control (PPC) problems are essentially optimisation problems, where the objective is to develop a plan that meets the demand at minimum cost or maximum profit. Because the underlying optimisation problem will vary in the different business and operation phases, it is important to think about optimisation in a dynamic mechanism and in a number of interlinked sub-problems at the same time. Cloud manufacturing has the potential to offer decision support as a service and medium of communication in PPC. To solve these problems and produce collaboration across the supply chain, this paper provides an overview of the state of the art in cloud manufacturing and presents a model of cloud-based production planning and production system for sheet metal processing.     

100 key research questions for the post‐2015 development agenda

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) herald a new phase for international development. This article presents the results of a consultative exercise to collaboratively identify 100 research questions of critical importance for the post‐2015 international development agenda. The final shortlist is grouped into nine thematic areas and was selected by 21 representatives of international and non‐governmental organisations and consultancies, and 14 academics with diverse disciplinary expertise from an initial pool of 704 questions submitted by 110 organisations based in 34 countries. The shortlist includes questions addressing long‐standing problems, new challenges and broader issues related to development policies, practices and institutions. Collectively, these questions are relevant for future development‐related research priorities of governmental and non‐governmental organisations worldwide and could act as focal points for transdisciplinary research collaborations.     

修正衰减曲线法在低渗气藏动态分析中的应用

摘要：压力是气井和气藏生产动态分析的灵魂，很多动态分析方法都与压力有着直接的联系。然而，由于致密低渗透气藏产量低、压力下降快、关井压力恢复缓慢等生产特征，以及生产方式的限制，在生产过程中很难获得气井或气藏地层压力资料。压降法、产量不稳定分析法和产量递减曲线分析方法是气藏常用的气井生产动态分析方法，但由于地层压力资料缺乏，压降法和产量不稳定分析法也都受到了很大的限制，在衰减递减曲线分析方法的基础上对其进行修正，摆脱了压力资料的限制，通过和压降法对比分析，验证了修正衰减曲线分析方法在生产动态分析中的可靠性。     

我国大学生创业教育问题与对策分析

在总结阐释大学生创业教育本质内涵的基础上,分析了我国大学生创业教育中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了改进策略与建议,以期对促进我国大学生创业教育的健康发展有所启示。     

Financial policy innovation for social change: a case study of China's green credit policy

Financial policy impacts on a range of social issues such as poverty alleviation, education, pollution control, etc. Making good use of financial policy and applying innovation to existing financial systems can generate positive outcomes for society. This article is to discuss the case of green credit policy in China. This policy was jointly announced in 2007 by financial and environmental regulators. According to this policy, banks were encouraged to give more loans to environmental friendly companies than to others. Such policy has made great progress, and it became a more formal document entitled ‘Green Credit Guideline’ in 2012. This guideline included a comprehensive definition on green credit and specified several requirements at practical levels. Despite the great success, challenges of implementing such policy still remain. First, information about corporate environmental performance is insufficient; second, market incentives for green credit policy are not high enough; third, most banking staff lack knowledge and capacity to handle environmental affairs. Nevertheless, this case still sheds light on how financial policy innovation drives social changes. The key is to identify the connection between social issues and financial issues, and then to make a business case that creates pressures or incentives for financial institutions. This requires a market where social and environmental cost is appropriately priced and internalized to those who generate it. Ideally, financial policies should help shape such a market so that society can share values created by financial institutions.