Who performs better under time pressure? Results from a field experiment

We investigate whether and how time pressure affects performance. We conducted a field experiment in which students from an Italian University are proposed to choose between two exam schemes: a standard scheme without time pressure and an alternative scheme consisting of two written intermediate tests, one of which to be taken under time pressure. Students deciding to sustain the alternative exam are randomly assigned to a “time pressure” and a “no time pressure” group. Students performing under time pressure at the first test perform in absence of time pressure at the second test and vice versa. We find that being exposed to time pressure exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on students’ performance. The effect is driven by a strong negative impact on females’ performance, while there is no statistically significant effect on males. Both the quantity and quality of females’ work is hampered by time pressure. Using data on students’ expectations, we also find that the effect produced by time pressure on performance was correctly perceived by students. Female students expect a lower grade when working under time pressure, while males do not. These findings contribute to explain why women tend to shy away from jobs and careers involving time pressure.     

双因素理论的普适性

在分析赫兹伯格双因素理论背景的基础上,以重庆市都市区劳动力就业市场为例,将弗洛伊德的"本我"、"超我"以及"自我"引入赫兹伯格关于工作的概念体系中,阐述赫兹伯格双因素理论的普适性,对重庆市劳动力市场现象进行思考,并以此为基础,论述在运用双因素理论实施激励时应注意的一些事项。     

从《聊斋志异》看《莎菲女士的日记》的精神隐喻

本文从挖掘《莎菲女士的日记》中为前人忽视而又极富暗示意义的一个关键性细节入手 ,剖析女主人公本我、自我与超我间激烈的较量与冲突 ,力图揭示这篇小说女主人公丰富而复杂的心理挣扎。     

《死火》中“情与理”的解读

本文通过对《死火》中"情与理"的解读,对鲁迅、许广平的恋情在文本中的表现提出新的看法。他们分裂的自我焦虑症状的消失和主体性的确立,对传统道德和家庭规训的反叛,揭示出二人内心结构的二项冲突从对立、平衡、到最后消解的过程,从而看出"五四"一代知识分子建立自身个体合法性的困境。     

电类课理论教学与实验教学一体化初探

针对电类课理论教学与实验教学存在的问题，提出了理论教学与实验教学一体化的新思路，并介绍了这一教改的初步尝试情况。     

《雌性的草地》中沈红霞形象解析

《雌性的草地》中作为牧马班领导者的沈红霞理性坚毅的性格十分突出。结合文本,运用精神分析的方法,从外部环境、本我、超我等三方面阐释对沈红霞自我的影响和塑造,从而进一步揭示沈红霞这一形象从凡人到超人的蜕变过程。     

虚拟企业协作中的竞标策略研究

在全球化竞争条件下, 虚拟企业协作中制定竞标策略是一个重要问题, 本文通过静态博 弈方法得到了竞标价格的可行域, 并研究了基于模糊综合评价的获利因子确定方法, 得到了优 化的竞标价格. 在对因素集处理的过程中, 采用了二元对比方法得到了各因素的权重. 同时, 按 照联盟满意度和成本最省原则给出了优化的竞标工期, 并列出了影响企业竞标获胜几率的几 个关键准则. 为企业竞标提供了一种新的思路.     

《屋顶丽人》的弗洛伊德人格结构理论分析

运用弗洛伊德的人格结构理论分析了英国小说家多丽丝.莱辛的短篇小说《屋顶丽人》中的人物,认为小说中三位男主人公和弗洛伊德所阐释的人格结构中的本我、自我与超我的三个层次存在着契合关系,而屋顶的丽人则象征着外在环境。小说从微观的视角展示和论证了弗洛伊德的这一理论。     

波爱修的"存在"概念

波爱修的“存在”(Esse)概念,既是对柏拉图和亚里士多德哲学思想的融会,更是对《出埃及记》中上帝之言的倾听。对于波爱修,哲学不是他的目的,而是他的道路,是通向上帝的道路。存在(Esse)的真正含义,乃是使万物从“无”到“有”。“存在”是世界的第一规定性,也是最高规定性。存在是超验的,但这种超验不是外在的,不是与世界分离的,而是世界本身的存在,是世界的生命本身,存在即生命,这层含义充分体现在id quod est这个概念中,我们不应该把它一般地理解为“存在者”,而是应该理解为“这一个存在”,就像海德格尔的“此在”所指示的那样。     

Generalized choice models for categorical time series

The NDARMA models of Jacobs and Lewis (1983) allow the modeling of categorical processes with an ARMA-like serial dependence structure. These models can be represented through a backshift mechanism, and we analyze marginal and bivariate properties of the resulting backshift process. Motivated by this backshift mechanism, we define the new class of generalized choice (GC) models, which include the usual NDARMA models as a special case, and we derive results describing the marginal and bivariate distribution of the GC model. We discuss implications concerning DMA(∞) models and the serial dependence structure of NDARMA models. Examples show that the family of GC models allows creating sparsely parametrized models for categorical processes with different types of serial dependence structure.