关于"民族"定义

文章对建国以来我国学术界对于“民族”的定义、国内有关“民族”译名的讨论、当前西方社会科学研究中的“民族”定义、及我国50年代的民族识别四个方面,对“民族”定义作了科学系统地阐述。     

What's Playing in the Organizational Theater? Collusive Relationships in Management

This article takes as its point of departureconcepts derived from couple therapy to betterunderstand collusive relationships in organizations. Aswe examine these dysfunctional workplace relationships— these interpersonal gridlocks —four main types of collusive superior subordinateinteraction patterns are identified — thenarcissistic, the controlling, the paranoid, and thesadomasochistic — and the consequences of each such dyad in organizationsare explored. In conclusion, the paper presents a numberof recommendations on how to recognize the presence ofsuch collusive arrangements (taking leadership behavior as a point of departure) and suggestspreventive steps that can be taken.     

新课程背景下大学人文教育的思考--全日制高校通用教材《大学语文》存在的不足与对策

指出并分析全日制高校通用教材<大学语文>存在的六大问题,包括课文是清一色的短篇且与现行基础教育阶段语文教科书有较多重复篇目;对选文的相关知识缺乏必要的详细介绍;对"提示"和"思考与练习"的编制思路欠妥;缺乏高层次语文能力训练设计;缺乏配套学习软件;各单元整合性不足.在此基础上,提出进一步完善该教材的七条建议,包括增设各单元综论部分;重编重组精读部分;设置专题拓展略读部分;设计单元专题表达与交流活动;使用符号系统;开发大学语文教学软件;按大单元制结构模式编排教材内容.     

Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment: Application to Diesel Particulate Emissions1

An estimation of the human lung cancer “unit risk” from diesel engine particulate emissions has been made using a comparative potency approach. This approach involves evaluating the tumorigenic and mutagenic potencies of the particulates from four diesel and one gasoline engine in relation to other combustion and pyrolysis products (coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke) that cause lung cancer in humans. The unit cancer risk is predicated on the linear nonthreshold extrapolation model and is the individual lifetime excess lung cancer risk from continuous exposure to 1 μg carcinogen per m³ inhaled air. The human lung cancer unit risks obtained from the epidemiologic data for coke oven workers, roofing tar applicators, and cigarette smokers were, respectively, 9.3 × 10^?4, 3.6 × 10^?4, and 2.2 × 10^?6 per μg particulate organics per m³ air. The comparative potencies of these three materials and the diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulates (as organic extracts) were evaluated by in vivo tumorigenicity bioassays involving skin initiation and skin carcinogenicity in SENCAR mice and by the in vitro bioassays that proved suitable for this analysis: Ames Salmonella microsome bioassay, L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis bioassay, and sister chromatid exchange bioassay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The relative potencies of the coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke emissions, as determined by the mouse skin initiation assay, were within a factor of 2 of those determined using the epidemiologic data. The relative potencies, from the in vitro bioassays as compared to the human data, were similar for coke oven and roofing tar, but for the cigarette smoke condensate the in vitro tests predicted a higher relative potency. The mouse skin initiation bioassay was used to determine the unit lung cancer risk for the most potent of the diesel emissions. Based on comparisons with coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette smoke, the unit cancer risk averaged 4.4 × 10^?4. The unit lung cancer risks for the other, less potent motor-vehicle emissions were determined from their comparative potencies relative to the most potent diesel using three in vitro bioassays. There was a high correlation between the in vitro and in vivo bioassays in their responses to the engine exhaust particulate extracts. The unit lung cancer risk per μg particulates per m³ for the automotive diesel and gasoline exhaust particulates ranged from 0.20 × 10^?4 to 0.60 × 10^?4; that for the heavy-duty diesel engine was 0.02 × 10^?4. These unit risks provide the basis for a future assessment of human lung cancer risks when combined with human population exposure to automotive emissions.     

论汉语字、词、词素的本位问题

汉语文的"字"虽然很特殊,但汉语文的历史发展又使词和词素概念成为必要。古汉语基本结构单位以单音形式为主,是一种字、词、词素三位一体的"字本位语言";现代汉语的基本结构单位以复音形式为主,是一种字、词、词素有别的"词本位语言"。当前的字本位理论是向古汉语的回归,不适应"词本位"的现代汉语;其"字"、"字组"概念所指歧异,不符合荀子提出的"善名"标准。恰当的选择仍应是让字、词、词素之名鼎足三分,各行其道。现代语言科学理应面向当今。     

交通事业单位预算管理方式研究

针对我国交通事业单位在预算编制目标、预算编制方式中存在的问题,通过对国外预算编制方式的比较,就我国交通事业单位预算管理在预算编制目标确定、预算控制组织构建、预算控制方式和预算管理方法等方面提出了建设性的意见,以加强交通事业单位预算管理。     

认识活动辩证运动的逻辑起点：认识角度——认识活动辩证运动新论

认识活动“自己构成自己的道路” ,是由自身内在矛盾推动的辩证运动过程。实践对认识的决定作用必须通过制约和影响认识自身的内在矛盾才能实现。认识活动辩证运动的内在逻辑线索 ,是认识活动由其历史与逻辑统一的起点经中介条件向真理性认识结论辩证运动、系统演进的过程。为逻辑分析的需要 ,我们将这样的过程称之为一个“认识单元”。作为认识活动辩证运动的逻辑起点的认识角度及其丰富的内在规定性 ,在理论形态内在角度分析的方法论意义。     

团队创新信息关系的自动识别方法及其应用

20世纪90年代以来,创新替代了效率和质量等因素成为企业最主要的核心竞争优势.团队创新中会产生海量的信息,研究提出了团队创新信息关系的自动识别方法以用于信息组织,并应用于实际的团队创新过程中信息关系自动识别模型的建立.在该模型中,对词频特征提取方法进行了"特征词分级处理"、增加"小句数量"特征和增加"上一评论信息的态度"特征三方面改进,以提高识别准确率.应用结果表明,该模型较好地实现了评论信息与方案肯定和否定关系的自动识别,可以辅助人对团队评论信息的整理和分析,提高了团队创新过程信息组织的效率.     

Book Reviews

This article examines some difficulties associated with the Haynes–Stone model and attempts to clarify how the model can be justified as representing the hypothesis that “quantity is demand determined and price is supply determined.” It also argues that the applications of such a model as was done by Haynes and Stone might not have resolved the controversies related to the Phillips curve and the supply function of exports (or imports).     

Effects of celebrity involvement on young people's political and civic engagement

This study introduced the concept of celebrity involvement, which is the audiences' relationship with mediated celebrities along three sub-dimensions: affinity, parasocial relationships, and identification. Based on this concept, this study examined the underlying mechanisms through which young people's involvement with celebrities influences their political and civic engagement. A survey of 248 undergraduate students in Macau, which is a Special Administrative Region of China, showed an indirect association of celebrity involvement with political and civic engagement, which was mediated by situational involvement and self-efficacy, respectively. The implications of the findings are discussed.