The puzzles of daily life: The temporal orders of families when parents have non-standard work schedules

This article investigates the temporal orders of families as the daily rhythms and schedules when one or both parents work non-standard hours. Our focus is especially on the often asynchronous times of non-standard work, on one hand, and of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services and other institutions, on the other hand. The data consist of semi-structured qualitative interviews of Finnish parents with a four-year-old child. The results show that the asynchronous times generated by non-standard working hours cause a wide range of collisions both in relation to childcare and ECEC and to the division of labour between parents. The parents are ‘wrestling’, not only because of the asynchrony of their own work but also because of the ‘pedagogical rhythm’ created by ECEC professionals. However, the parents also find ways to manage time, facilitated by workplace flexibility or spousal negotiations over the sharing of responsibilities.     

Conceptualising service integration for inclusive activation: Exploring transferal and translation of models from health care

Conceptual frameworks are important for advancing systematic understanding in a field of research. Many conceptual models have been developed to study service integration, but few have addressed activation. Based on an outline of the literature on the integration of labour market services, we explored two complementary conceptual models from integrated care and assessed whether the models could be transferred to the context of inclusive activation. The transferral of conceptual models is contingent upon whether the significant features of inclusive activation are like those of health care, and whether barriers to integrated labour market services are considered. We argue that the models facilitate a more analytical focus on service integration. Nevertheless, the models must be adjusted to account for the significant position of workplaces and employers, the importance of frontline professionals' knowledge base, the co-production of service provision and the values characterising the service encounters.     

包容性创新过程中企业和贫困群体之间 “结构洞”的产生与跨越

包容性创新需要企业与贫困群体建立起一定的市场经济关系。然而，他们所面临的环境缺乏支撑市场机制有效运行的制度安排和基本条件，创新活动的开展更多建立在社会关系基础之上。由于企业与贫困群体之间的社会网络极其松散，呈现出一种弱关系，在此情景下产生了“结构洞”，即信息非对称性配置及渠道障碍下的“信息洞”、资金匮乏及知识技能不足导致的“资源洞”以及制度安排和基本条件缺失下的“市场洞”。为跨越“结构洞”，引入第三方——非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization，英文缩写NGO）来为企业与贫困群体搭桥，从而实现两者间信息资源的流动、社会网络的耦合以及信任关系的建立。     

数字普惠金融、金融素养与农户创业

在“大众创业、万众创新”的战略背景下，探究数字普惠金融与农户创业的关系对双创具有重要意义。首先，梳理数字普惠金融影响农户创业的直接和间接作用机制，得出数字普惠金融缓解金融约束促进创业是直接机制、提高农户的金融素养促进创业是间接机制的结论。其次，基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据，探究数字普惠金融是否有效促进农户创业。结果表明，数字普惠金融发展能显著促进农户创业，且覆盖更广。数字普惠金融对东中部地区农户创业的促进作用更显著，尤其是社会网络维度广的农户。最后，基于研究结论就进一步发展数字普惠金融促进农户创业提出相应建议。     

资源配置视角下数字普惠金融对区域创新创业的影响研究

基于中国 2011-2019 年 31 个省（区、市）面板数据，通过计量经济模型分析了数字普惠金融对区域创新创业的影响，并检验金融资源配置效率和人力资本在该过程中的传导作用和调节效应，研究发现，数字普惠金融显著促进了区域创新创业，金融资源配置效率将通过遮掩效应在其中产生传导作用。人力资本弱化了数字普惠金融对区域创新创业的影响，可围绕数字普惠金融的生态构建、金融资源配置、外部条件改善等方面提升区域创新创业水平。     

Stabilise,balance and adjust—Framing the early years transitions of children whose parents work non-standard hours

This study examined talk by parents about the early years transitions of their children (n = 7) in the context of parental non-standard working hours and Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. Parents were interviewed at three time points: when their child was aged one, four, five or six years (a total of 21 interviews). The third interview was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on the children's ECEC transitions and the interpretative frames used by parents when talking about their work and childcare. The frames used by the parents to discuss the children's transitions were stabilising the children's lives, balancing between staying at home and attending ECEC and adjusting to norms and rules. The diversity of families' experiences and their children's transitions during the early years should be considered when developing family policy and ECEC services.     

聚焦需求侧:找准农村幼儿教师分层研训的关键因子——以福建省某县农村幼儿教师保教能力诊断为例

为了提高农村幼儿教师培训的效益,必须精准地诊断和分析处于不同发展阶段的农村幼儿教师的专业能力水平,找到关键因子,针对不同教师迫切需要解决的问题,进行分层研训。本研究以福建省某县农村幼儿教师为样本,以教师所在幼儿园的地理位置和等级为分层依据,设计农村幼儿教师保教能力观察与诊断工具,在教师的日常工作中,就教师“环境的创设与利用”“一日生活组织与保育”“游戏活动支持与引导”和“教学活动的计划与实施”四种能力进行诊断,采用多元线性回归分析和路径分析,探讨不同能力水平教师在上述四种能力方面的关键因子,构建农村幼儿教师保教能力的模型,为农村幼儿教师的差异化专业研训提供依据。     

Do childcare policies and schedule control enhance variable time workers' work–life balance? A gender analysis across European countries

Variable time work is no longer abnormal in the post-industrial economy and is accelerating due to digitisation and the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have revealed a causal relationship between working time variability and work–life balance at the individual level; however, there has been less discussion of the role of the institutional context. This study examines the interplay among childcare policy, schedule control, and its relationship with work–life balance. We conducted a multilevel analysis using the European Working Conditions Survey. The analyses revealed that childcare policy has a U-shaped relationship with work–life balance for female variable time workers without schedule control. In contrast, workers with schedule control and male workers did not have a curvilinear relationship with the outcome. Our analyses imply that sufficient childcare intervention and its interaction with schedule control are necessary to offset the negative effect of childcare services on work–life balance.     

中国农村普惠性金融发展的生产率效应——来自1 867个县（市）数据的实证研究

以来自中国1 867个县(市)的数据为依据,运用随机前沿分析法,对农村普惠性金融发展的生产率效应进行了实证检验。结果表明,从全国层面看,中国农村普惠性金融发展的生产率效应为正,组成农村普惠性金融的贷款使用效用维度和产品接触维度显著地促进了农村生产率增长;从区域层面看,中部地区农村普惠性金融发展的生产率效应为正,西部地区不显著,东部地区不存在效率损失。就农村普惠性金融发展促进农村生产率增长提出了继续深化农村金融制度改革、增加金融资源在中西部的投入等政策建议。