Issues Affecting Utilization of Hospice Services by Rural Hispanics

Abstract

As the population of Hispanics in the U.S. is growing, their utilization of hospice care remains low. In a study of 110 rural His-panics, most (88%) were not familiar with hospice, but did report willingness to accept such service in their homes. The most important possible barrier to receiving hospice care was language, along with poverty, lack of health insurance, and low levels of education. Hospice social workers can contribute greatly to an effort to increase access to hospice by offering education to the Hispanic community and promoting cultural awareness among hospice staff.     

知识经济学:即将崛起的一门新兴交叉学科

在交叉科学的蓬勃发展和对知识的生产、传播、应用有了新认识的大背景下 ,知识经济学将应运而生。知识经济学作为对知识经济进行全方位研究的学科 ,有其存在的客观依据 :知识经济作为一种新兴的经济门类已经出现 ;全方位研究知识经济的态势已经形成 ;在知识经济中存在着许多有待解决的重大问题。有关知识型人才的研究 ,应当是知识经济学的一项重要内容。     

试析交叉学科研究的真实性评价

交叉学科研究真实性评价是检验交叉学科研究项目进展成效的一种评价方式,它要求研究者(组)运用所掌握的交叉学科知识和技能去再现研究成果的获取过程或模拟真实环境下研发装置的实际运行。真实性评价方式有自我评价、组内互评、文档评定、表现评定和项目规划评定等。真实性评价中的评分测度规则的构成要素包含评分准则、质量等级、评分策略和具体示例。在交叉学科研究中其评价主体应注意分析范例样本、确定评分准则、选择评分策略、描述质量等级、草拟评分测度规则和在试用中修订评分测度规则,以使研究者对自己正在研究的任务和设计方案的进展能正确评价,并由此改善其研究状况以提高研究成果的质量。     

交叉学科研究的形成性评价方法

交叉学科研究的形成性评价主要指在交叉学科研究过程中为改进和完善研究活动而进行的对研究者研究过程及结果的测定。它的类型有真实性评价、表现性评价和发展性评价。而形成性评价与总结性评价是科研评价的两种基本类型,这两者在目的、职能、报告听取人、覆盖研究过程的时间等方面都不同。形成性评价常用观察、自我评价、建立研究人员研究工作情况评价卡、提供研究工作反馈信息、组内互评等方法。在交叉学科研究中,运用形成性评价的方法可采用课题组负责人或学科专家对合作小组研究人员的评价、合作小组对小组成员研究表现的评价和合作小组对小组成员文档的评价的方法。     

基于需求分析的涉海类高校大学英语教学转型研究

大学英语课程正面临重大改革与转型。文章试从需求分析理论探讨在大学英语后续课程开设专门用途英语的必要性。通过结合实习环节,学习者的延时需求可转换为即时需求。这种新思路旨在从我国高等教育发展趋势的角度,重新建构大学英语课程体系,培养涉海型复合人才。     

多学科交叉本科人才培养研究的可视化分析

多学科交叉融合培养高校人才已经成为当下学者们研究的另一个重要话题,许多学者基于这一问题展开了探讨。当前已有学者针对多学科交叉下研究生培养的文献进行了总结和展望,但是关于本科生培养的系统性文献综述还比较少。文章从文献计量和可视化的角度出发,对当前多学科交叉培养本科生的研究文献进行了分析和总结。结果表明:当前多学科交叉融合培养本科生的研究热度在逐渐上升;研究的机构主要分布于较发达的地区,而西部地区的研究略显薄弱;研究的学科集中在工程科技、信息科技、经济与管理科学和社会科学;研究的专业主要侧重工学类专业;研究内容主要是人才培养、课程教学改革和专业建设路径的问题。总体来说目前的研究深度还有待提升,未来应继续推进研究进展,加大力度对本科人才培养模式进行改进,促进多学科交叉复合人才的形成。     

视角与范式：翻译研究的学科融合

随着翻译研究“文化转向”宣言的提出，翻译学者展开了多维度、多层面的学科探讨，包括“文化转向”在内的多种“转向”论缤纷登场。本文试图通过爬梳并厘清部分“转向”论的实质，指出目前翻译研究中学科融合的必然趋势，但同时应关注学科内外的对话与共建，保持翻译学科中借入与输出的均衡，真正做到与其他学科互利互惠。     

Getting Unstuck: Interdisciplinarity as a New Discipline

Most disciplines and subdisciplines consider their particular specialization to be valuable in itself and superior to other disciplines. But compared with the huge leaps in the physical sciences, the social/behavioral sciences and humanities have made little progress. Since many of the physical science advances were the result of the merging of disciplines, perhaps interdisciplinarity should be tried. One path to connecting disciplines, subdisciplines, and micro‐macro levels is suggested by Spinoza's idea of part/whole methodology, exactly balancing concrete instances with abstract theses. Ideas by B. Pascal, A. Koestler, A. N. Whitehead, and E. O. Wilson may also be helpful. Any discipline, subdiscipline, or level can serve as a valuable stepping‐off place, but to advance further, integration with at least one other viewpoint may be necessary. Two brilliant examples are The Civilizing Process, by the sociologist Norbert Elias, and Freudian Repression, by the psychologist Michael Billig. Koestler's idea of “bi‐sociation” may prove to be particularly rewarding. The way that Virginia Woolf's depiction of role‐taking in interior monologue preceded the idea in social science is an extraordinary example. The need for integration may be the single most important issue facing social science, the humanities, and their subdisciplines. Given the scope of the social/behavioral problems faced by humanity, the sooner the better.     

Interdisciplinary research at the Urban–Rural interface: The West ga project

As human populations increase, ecological and social issues become inextricably linked to a greater degree. Solutions to complex social–ecological problems can only be derived through the use of integrated research that can account for the interplay of many factors across traditional discipline lines. We are using such an integrated research to clarify relationships among socioeconomic drivers, ecological effects, and social and policy feedbacks associated with urban development of forested landscapes. Our approach is goal oriented and interdisciplinary in nature and involves a team composed of ecologists, anthropologists, and economists who exchange ideas and information across disciplinary lines. The team and approach has evolved through many of the barriers to interdisciplinary research that have been identified by other authors. Our goal is to develop a predictive capability in order to anticipate ecological and social implications of urban development on natural resources in the southeastern United States. Our integrated model and subsequent papers in this special issue are presented.     

地方高校本科教育模式需要多元化

结合地方高校须向社会基层培养多样化人才的情况,讨论各种教育模式的内涵和特点,进而提出本科教育模式应实行多元化,人才培养的根本点应放在培养学生自主学习提高的能力和创新精神上。