Continuity of f-projections and applications to the iterative proportional fitting procedure*

This paper proves continuity of f-projections and the continuous dependence of the limit matrix of the iterative proportional fitting procedure (IPF procedure) on the given matrix as well as the given marginals under certain regularity constraints. For finite spaces, the concept of f-projections of finite measures on a compact and convex set is introduced and continuity of f-projections is proven. This result is applied to the IPF procedure. Given a nonnegative matrix as well as row and column marginals the IPF procedure generates a sequence of matrices, called the IPF sequence, by alternately fitting rows and columns to match their respective marginals. The procedure is equivalent to cyclic f-projections. If the IPF sequence converges, the application of the continuity of f-projections yields the continuous dependence of the limit matrix on the given matrix. By generalized convex programming and under some constraints, it is shown that the limit matrix of the IPF sequence continuously depends not only on the given matrix but also on the marginals.     

A study of DEA models without explicit inputs

In performance evaluations, data without explicit inputs (such as index data, pure output data) are widely used. To directly use such data, this paper presents a study on building DEA models without explicit inputs, so-called DEA-WEI models, which are applicable to the evaluation applications where inputs are not directly considered. We provide an axiom foundation of these kinds of models, and further discuss how to incorporate value judgments of decision makers into these DEA-WEI models. Several such models are derived. Finally, applications of the DEA-WEI models are presented.     

李家坝煤矿斜井开拓局部冻结关键技术研究

斜井冻结技术尚处于摸索研究阶段，国内无统一的施工规范。在李家坝煤矿斜井冻结工程实践的基础上开展应用性研究，详细阐述了斜井局部冻结的设计原则、施工关键技术，尤其是快速造孔施工及冻结管保温层施工工艺，提出了冻结管保温接头处理方式，成功应用了斜井冻结步进式投入法，解决了斜井局部冻结关键技术，为类似局部冻结工程提供了借鉴和参考。     

联结主义理论与英语阅读教学

联结主义理论给英语教学新的启示。本文在理论分析的基础上,结合英语阅读教学的现状和个人教学实践,提出了阅读教学中应用联结主义的教学步骤。探讨了强化注意程度,激活输入的语言信息,提高输出意识的教学方法。     

Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures.

Interdependency analysis in the context of this article is a process of assessing and managing risks inherent in a system of interconnected entities (e.g., infrastructures or industry sectors). Invoking the principles of input-output (I-O) and decomposition analysis, the article offers a framework for describing how terrorism-induced perturbations can propagate due to interconnectedness. Data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is utilized to present applications to serve as test beds for the proposed framework. Specifically, a case study estimating the economic impact of airline demand perturbations to national-level U.S. sectors is made possible using I-O matrices. A ranking of the affected sectors according to their vulnerability to perturbations originating from a primary sector (e.g., air transportation) can serve as important input to risk management. For example, limited resources can be prioritized for the "top-n" sectors that are perceived to suffer the greatest economic losses due to terrorism. In addition, regional decomposition via location quotients enables the analysis of local-level terrorism events. The Regional I-O Multiplier System II (RIMS II) Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is the agency responsible for releasing the regional multipliers for various geographical resolutions (economic areas, states, and counties). A regional-level case study demonstrates a process of estimating the economic impact of transportation-related scenarios on industry sectors within Economic Area 010 (the New York metropolitan region and vicinities).     

当代广告发展所面临的五大认识障碍——给来自广告业界内部的几个深层“思想问题”把脉

本文针对广告业长期存在的五个"思想问题"进行了分析,提出了广告业要重视练内功,要改善知识结构,要拓宽服务领域,提高广告经营水平,要改变短期行为等多种观点。认为广告业如果不能真正解决自身的问题,就无法应对国际广告资本的挑战。     

无外部市场条件下中间产品转移价格的博弈分析与决策

本文首先用反例证明了文^[1]中在各分厂成本函数和最终产品需求函数已知的条件下,给出的中间产品最优转移价格的两个计算公式并不总是成立的,给出了这两个计算公式成立的充要条件,并分析了公司关于中间产品转移价格决策的动态一致性问题。接着,利用完全信息动态博弈对中间产品转移价格的确定问题做了进一步的分析研究。最后,针对文^[1]中给出的中间产品最优转移价格的两个计算公式不成立的情况,讨论了中间产品转移价格的确定问题。     

Play and Impersonation: Finding the Right Intersubjective Rhythm

The following paper examines a client's developmental process through transference, play, and the client's impersonation of the therapist. Winnicott's notion of the intermediate space, current infant research studies, and Jessica Benjamin's concept of thirdness are the organizing framework for the treatment. The author uses a clinical vignette to illustrate a relational perspective in which play and creativity become important developmental processes for both patient and therapist.     

语言教学的“粗料输入”

在语言教学中 ,教师经常面对的一项选择是如何为学习者安排难度适当 ,份量适中的语言材料。作者认为 ,借助克拉申的语言输入 -输出假设不妨为一个行之有效的方法。语言教学中的粗料输入在内化学习者语言知识、提高语言能力方面能起到独到的作用     

政策转移的若干理论问题探究

政策转移是全球化时代各国公共政策制定领域的普遍现象。西方政治学界对政策转移的研究始于20世纪90年代，在政策转移的衡量标准、分析框架等方面英国学者进行了探讨。但总体来看，政策转移的研究仍存在诸多盲点。我国国内对政策转移的研究目前刚刚起步，许多问题都处于模糊状态，特别是政策转移的基本理论问题亟待探讨，诸如政策转移的内涵与衡量标准，政策转移的发生前提与条件，政策转移的要素、类型与途径，政策转移的性质与特点，政策转移的功能与作用等都需要深入研究。