矩形微通道内滑移区气体流动换热的数值模拟

在等壁温边界条件下对矩形微细通道速度滑移区的对流换热进行了二维数值模拟、在一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃的边界条件下，计算出了通道内的速度和温度以及压力分布。比较了不同克努森数Kn对于滑移速度和跳跃温度的影响。结果表明，由于气体的稀薄性，压力呈现更加线性化减小的趋势，随着Kn的增加，通道入口与出口处的滑移速度和跳跃温度至现增加的趋势。在通道入口附近，气流速度和温度变化剧烈，而在出口处截面平均流速和温度随加的增加而降低．     

Exact and efficient Bayesian inference for multiple changepoint problems

We demonstrate how to perform direct simulation from the posterior distribution of a class of multiple changepoint models where the number of changepoints is unknown. The class of models assumes independence between the posterior distribution of the parameters associated with segments of data between successive changepoints. This approach is based on the use of recursions, and is related to work on product partition models. The computational complexity of the approach is quadratic in the number of observations, but an approximate version, which introduces negligible error, and whose computational cost is roughly linear in the number of observations, is also possible. Our approach can be useful, for example within an MCMC algorithm, even when the independence assumptions do not hold. We demonstrate our approach on coal-mining disaster data and on well-log data. Our method can cope with a range of models, and exact simulation from the posterior distribution is possible in a matter of minutes.     

全球金融危机下的股票市场波动跳跃研究——基于高频数据的中美比较分析

本文以雷曼破产日至2009年1月底这段时期内上证综指、恒生指数以及S&P500指数的日内高频数据作为研究对象,采用跳跃显著性检验方法和扩展HAR模型,对波动跳跃特征进行了实证研究.结果表明:雷曼危机导致股市波动的显著提高,但中国内地股市受到的影响最小;中国香港股市成为波动跳跃发生频率最高、跳跃幅度最大的市场,且波动跳跃主要发生在夜间休市时间内;雷曼危机使得波动率模型的预测精度大大降低,股市风险变得更加难以预测,对于新兴市场来说这一现象更加明显.     

Change points in nonparametric regresion functions

Estimators of location and size of jumps or discontinuities in a regression function and/or its derivatives are proposed. The estimators are based on the analysis of residuals obtained from the locally weighted least squares regression. The proposed estimators adapt to both fixed and random designs. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are investigated. The method is illustrated through simulation studies.     

Fair Valuation of Life Insurance Contracts Under a Two-Sided Jump Diffusion Model

In this article, we study the fair valuation of participating life insurance contract, which is one of the most common life insurance products, under the two-sided jump diffusion model with the consideration of default risk. The participating life insurance contracts considered here can be expressed as portfolios of options as shown by Grosen and Jøgrgensen (1997 Grosen , A. , Jøgrgensen , P. (1997). Valuation of early exercisable interest rate guarantees. J. Risk Ins. 64:481–503.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We can give the Laplace transforms for these options under the two-sided jump diffusion model, and then price these options by inverting Laplace transforms.     

Estimation of Jump Tails

We propose a new and flexible nonparametric framework for estimating the jump tails of Itô semimartingale processes. The approach is based on a relatively simple‐to‐implement set of estimating equations associated with the compensator for the jump measure, or its intensity, that only utilizes the weak assumption of regular variation in the jump tails, along with in‐fill asymptotic arguments for directly estimating the “large” jumps. The procedure assumes that the large‐sized jumps are identically distributed, but otherwise allows for very general dynamic dependencies in jump occurrences, and, importantly, does not restrict the behavior of the “small” jumps or the continuous part of the process and the temporal variation in the stochastic volatility. On implementing the new estimation procedure with actual high‐frequency data for the S&P 500 aggregate market portfolio, we find strong evidence for richer and more complex dynamic dependencies in the jump tails than hitherto entertained in the literature.     

Lévy过程驱动的非高斯OU随机波动模型及其贝叶斯参数统计推断方法研究

本文采用CGMY和GIG过程对非高斯OU随机波动率模型进行扩展,建立连续叠加Lévy过程驱动的非高斯OU随机波动率模型,并给出模型的散粒噪声(Shot-Noise)表现方式与近似。在此基础上,为了反映的波动率相关性,本文把回顾抽样(Retrospective Sampling)方法扩展到连续叠加的Lévy过程驱动的非高斯OU随机波动模型中,设计了Lévy过程驱动的非高斯OU随机波动模型的贝叶斯参数统计推断方法。最后,采用金融市场实际数据对不同模型和参数估计方法进行验证和比较研究。本文理论和实证研究均表明采用CGMY和GIG过程对非高斯OU随机波动率模型进行扩展之后,模型的绩效得到明显提高,更能反映金融资产收益率波动率变化特征,本文设计的Lévy过程驱动的非高斯OU随机波动模型的贝叶斯参数统计推断方法效率也较高,克服了已有研究的不足。同时,实证研究发现上证指数收益率和波动率跳跃的特征以及波动率序列具有明显的长记忆特性。     

基于双变量EARJI-EGARCH的时变收益关联研究——来自东亚地区股市跳跃的分析

本文改进了双变量EARJI-EGARCH模型,并对东亚地区的中国上证指数,日本日经指数和韩国综合KS指数的跳跃和双边时变收益关联的影响进行了研究。结果表明,东亚地区股市的时变关联持续性非常高,东亚地区单个市场跳跃对时变关联影响较小,市场同时发生跳跃对市场时变关联的影响取决于跳跃的方向。当市场都发生正向的跳跃时,上证和日经指数的时变收益增量最多,当市场都发生负向跳跃时,上证和韩国KS指数的时变收益减少最多。表明在东亚地区股市同向跳跃发生时,中国和日本股市相互关联较大。且同时跳跃对时变关联的影响将远远超过了单个市场跳跃对时变关联的影响,当市场发生反向的跳跃时,也超过了单个市场跳跃的影响,但不及同向跳跃的影响,且上证和日经指数时变收益增加最多,而日经和KS指数时变收益减少的最多,表明在股市反向跳跃时同样是中国和日本股市比日本和韩国股市之间的相互关联大。     

Transform Analysis and Asset Pricing for Affine Jump‐diffusions

In the setting of ‘affine’ jump‐diffusion state processes, this paper provides an analytical treatment of a class of transforms, including various Laplace and Fourier transforms as special cases, that allow an analytical treatment of a range of valuation and econometric problems. Example applications include fixed‐income pricing models, with a role for intensity‐based models of default, as well as a wide range of option‐pricing applications. An illustrative example examines the implications of stochastic volatility and jumps for option valuation. This example highlights the impact on option ‘smirks’ of the joint distribution of jumps in volatility and jumps in the underlying asset price, through both jump amplitude as well as jump timing.     

要素密集度视角下中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作潜力及提升路径研究——基于254种产品贸易的证据

十年来,“一带一路”已成为新时代中国对外贸易合作的新亮点。文章基于新经济地理学理论,以“一带一路”沿线60个国家为研究样本,利用2001—2019年跨国面板数据,从空间视阈运用动态空间面板随机前沿模型检验了要素禀赋对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作的影响效应,在此基础上分析了中国与“一带一路”国家贸易合作效率的变化特征,并分析了不同类别商品贸易的合作潜力,进而结合二维矩阵思想依据要素禀赋和贸易潜力的适配性提出未来释放贸易合作潜力的路径。研究结论表明:基于互联互通指数构建空间互联互通矩阵,检验发现中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作存在时间—空间双重正向依存关系,自然资源要素和资本要素对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作具有显著促进作用,而劳动力要素方面存在一定“竞争关系”,创新要素的贸易促进效应尚未充分发挥。在控制变量方面,东道国经济规模、工业化程度、城镇化水平、两国间存在共同边界、签订协议和加入世界贸易组织贸易均有利于中国与“一带一路”国家间贸易合作,地理距离仍然是阻碍双边贸易合作的重要因素。除此之外,双边贸易合作还会受到非效率因素的影响,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家间贸易合作尚有较大拓展潜力,以上结论经过贸易距离矩阵和经济地理矩阵稳健性检验后依然成立。在异质性方面,进一步发现中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作存在明显产品异质性特征。在贸易效率方面,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易合作效率不断提升,尚未达到“最优状态”。从贸易潜力层级看,再造型贸易伙伴数量最少,成长型贸易伙伴居多,不同类别产品贸易潜力层级结构呈现非均衡结构特征。最后,结合二维矩阵思想,依据要素禀赋与贸易潜力的适配性,可将贸易伙伴划分为集约高效型、效率引领型、稳步提升型和规模扩张型四类贸易伙伴,在此基础上提出单边突破式、扬优补短渐进式和跨越式三种贸易潜力释放路径,为促进“一带一路”实现“贸易畅通”,高质量推动共建“一带一路”提供重要参考和借鉴。