试析隐修制度兴起的原因

隐修制度亦称＂修道院制度＂,它源自于3世纪的古埃及,是基督教信徒离世苦修的一种主张和制度。在古希腊罗马哲学中禁欲主义思想和近东其他宗教的影响下,在对罗马世界普遍堕落和正统教会腐败的绝望中以及出于拯救灵魂的目的等多种因素的催生下,禁欲苦修的修道生活应运而生,并经基督教教父们的改进和完善发展成为隐修制度。     

Developmental Recapitulation in Adaptation to Vision Loss Among Middle-Age and Older Adults

Abstract

Previous research has suggested that a recapitulation of developmental stages occurs during periods of readjustment in situations involving significant contextual or environmental change. The purpose of this paper is to examine if evidence exists for developmental recapitulation among middle-age and older adults adapting to recent vision impairment. Psychosocial development was operationalized in accordance with Erikson's stage theory (Erikson, 1963, 1980) and measured using the Inventory of Psychosocial Balance (Domino & Affonso, 1990). Data were obtained from 99 middle-age and 96 older adult vision rehabilitation service applicants and compared with normative scale data for these age groups. Results found significantly lower Trust, Initiative, Industry, and Intimacy scores for middle-age adults and lower Initiative and Industry scores for older adults. Unexpectedly, middle-age adults who were visually impaired had significantly higher Integrity scores compared to the normative group. Findings provide preliminary evidence for developmental recapitulation of psychosocial stages in the process of adaptation to vision loss in middle age and older adults. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of social work practice with this population and future research.     

Establishing and Evaluating an Industrial Social Work Programme:

The process of establishing and evaluating an industrial social work programme in a small distillery using a third party university model is described. The programme is based on a participatory philosophy and the importance of joint management and union "ownership" of the programme is emphasized. The evaluation examined health and attitudes of employees, absenteeism and productivity, cost effectiveness and reduction in grievances. The overall finding was that both the employees and the corporation benefitted substantially from the project.     

对当代大学生课余文化生活的调查与分析

大学生课余生活是学校生活的主要组成部分,研究大学生学校生活质量和大学生课余生活满意度,有利于掌握大学生的学校生活质量现状,进一步提高大学生课余生活满意度,从而促进大学生的身心健康发展。     

Romantic Attachment and Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Gay Men and Lesbians in Chile

ABSTRACT

This study intended to assess the relationship between romantic attachment and life satisfaction (LS) in a gay men and lesbian sample in Chile. It also aimed to identify the effect of attachment dimensions on life satisfaction for both gay men and lesbians. Through a cross-sectional study with a non-experimental design, a total of 460 homosexual adults completed the Experiences in Close Relationships and the Life Orientation Test, Revised Version. According to the results obtained, greater attachment insecurity (e.g., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) was linked to lower levels of LS in both gay men and lesbians. Furthermore, the model was found to be more predictive for lesbians than for gay men. Implication of these results are discussed.     

王尔德面具后的真相：生活艺术化与人生艺术化

王尔德在人生和作品中表现出许多矛盾面具,引人关注。借用韦尔施对现代审美活动的分析可以看到,王尔德把日常生活审美化的“为艺术而艺术地生活”信条和人生艺术化的“为艺术而成为艺术人”信条当作“为艺术而艺术”唯美理论的注释和扩展,通过塑造矛盾面具,进行多重自我建构,体验丰富的艺术人生,使自己的审美追求达到极致。     

浅议唐代门阀制度对文人生活和创作的影响

门阀制度在唐代逐渐解体,士族阶级受到压抑;但其在政治上的影响依然存在,尤其是在婚姻爱情生活中影响更大。原因主要在于世俗观念的影响、寒门士子的前途压力和法律的明文规定。这些因素不但影响和调控了唐代文人的婚姻爱情生活,而且深刻地体现和反映到有关的文艺创作中来。     

The Role of Parental Indulgence and Economic Stress in Life Satisfaction: Differential Perceptions of Parents and Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences between adolescents and parents in their perceptions of parental indulgence, stress (economic and life), and life satisfaction. In addition, using the conceptual frameworks of family ecosystems and developmental theory, the relationships between the three types of parental indulgence (soft structure, overnurturance, and giving too much), economic stress, life stress, and life satisfaction were examined for parents and adolescent children. Findings indicated that adolescents perceived higher levels of stress and soft structure as compared to their parents, whereas parents perceived higher levels of economic stress. Additionally, each type of parental indulgence affected parent and adolescent life stress and life satisfaction differently. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Changing Patterns of Religious Affiliation,Religiosity, and Marital Dissolution: A 35-Year Study of Three-Generation Families

This article examines multiple aspects of religion and the risk of marital dissolution with a life course lens. Relying on the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), 1971 to 2005, we explore the effects of religion on the risk of first marital dissolution. Using discrete time-logit analysis, we find that the effect of religion and religiosity on divorce and separation were not significant, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, such as gender, ethnicity, marriage cohort, education, presence of children, household income, and employment status. Our findings support exchange theory that emphasizes educational and financial resources as key factors in divorce rather than religion or religiosity.     

Divorce and Mid- and Later Life Families: A Phenomenological Analysis with Implications for Family Life Educators

ABSTRACT

A growing number of mid- and later life individuals and families are experiencing divorce and remarriage. Mid- and later life families are those who have begun to or may have launched their adult children. As a result, these families may include in-laws and grandchildren. Limited research has addressed the potentially unique experiences of these families whose lives are made more complex and complicated by divorce, remarriage, or both. The purpose of this article is to examine, from a phenomenological perspective, the lived experiences of individuals and families experiencing divorce in mid- and later life. In so doing, four case studies are presented that represent four common pathways through divorce and remarriage in mid- and later life: career divorced, seasoned divorced, newly divorced, and interrupted career divorced. Using these case studies and our interpretation of them based on a phenomenological approach, we offer implications for family life educators for improving the delivery of educational services to families facing mid- and later life divorce and remarriage.