Cambios en la valoración del trabajo en jóvenes de primer empleo durante el proceso de socialización laboral

Resumen

El trabajo es una de las áreas más importantes en la vida para los seres humanos y un pilar básico en el funcionamiento de cualquier sociedad. El significado que la gente da al trabajo, y qué aspectos son valorados del mismo, ha sido y es un tema de gran interés para los científicos sociales. Dos dimensiones principales del significado del trabajo son «los resultados valorados del trabajo» y la «importancia de metas laborales». «Los resultados valorados del trabajo» son aquellos resultados que el individuo busca del trabjar o qué funciones le son servidas a través del trabajo. «La importancia de metas laborales» se refiere a la importancia que tiene para los individuos determinados aspectos del trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los cambios que se han producido en los valores laborales de los jóvenes durante sus primeros años de empleo. Nuestras hipótesis son que habrán tenido lugar cambios en los valores laborales de los jóvenes empleados y que una variable relevante para explicar dichos cambios serán los eventos o cambios que los sujetos hayan experimentado en su trabajo (p.e. cambios de puesto, cambios de nivel jerárquico, de empresa, de sector industrial y de situación de empleo/desempleo). Los resultados suponen un apoyo a la tesis interaccionista (Drenth, 1991) sobre el controvertido tema de la estabilidad del significado del trabajo.     

Exposure to Traffic and Risk of Hospitalization Due to Injuries

Research on the risk of motor vehicle injuries and their relationship with the amount of travel has been only partially analyzed. The few individual exposure assessments are related to very specific subsets of the driving and traveling populations. This study analyzes the relationship between kilometers traveled and hospitalization due to motor vehicle injuries. Twelve thousand three hundred and sixty nine Spanish university graduates from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra multipurpose cohort study were evaluated. They had not been hospitalized due to motor vehicle injuries at baseline and were followed up to eight years. Biannual questionnaires allowed for self‐reporting of kilometers traveled in motor vehicles, together with incidence of hospitalization. Covariates in the Cox regression models included age and gender and baseline use of safety belt while driving, driving a vehicle with driver‐side airbag, driving a motorcycle, and drinking and driving. There were 49,766 participant‐years with an average yearly travel of 7,828 km per person‐year. Thirty‐six subjects reported a first hospitalization event during this time. The adjusted hazard ratio per additional kilometer traveled was 1.00005 (95% confidence interval 1.000013 to 1.000086). Even the smallest of reductions in the amount of kilometers traveled (from an average of 3,250 km per year to 1,000) has a statistically significant protective effect on the likelihood of sustaining hospitalization due to motor vehicle injury (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). In light of current policies aimed to reduce motorized traffic due to environmental concerns, it may be appropriate to consider the additional health benefit related to reductions in injuries.     

Beyond High School

Abstract

This study examined interpersonal heterosexist discrimination by examining self-reported anti-gay behaviors of heterosexual college students. Respondents were 226 college students; 94.9% had perpetrated some form of discriminatory behavior and 32.7% had committed a behavior that was rated as moderately harmful or higher. A higher amount of self-reported discriminatory behavior was associated with being male, having more homophobic attitudes, and having lower GPAs. Discriminatory behaviors were not related to political ideology, religious influence, or interaction with gay men and lesbians. Neither discriminatory behaviors nor homophobic attitudes were related to academic year, age, membership in a social fraternity/sorority, or membership on an intercollegiate athletic team.     

A Bayesian model for estimating the malaria transition probabilities considering individuals lost to follow-up

It is known that patients may cease participating in a longitudinal study and become lost to follow-up. The objective of this article is to present a Bayesian model to estimate the malaria transition probabilities considering individuals lost to follow-up. We consider a homogeneous population, and it is assumed that the considered period of time is small enough to avoid two or more transitions from one state of health to another. The proposed model is based on a Gibbs sampling algorithm that uses information of lost to follow-up at the end of the longitudinal study. To simulate the unknown number of individuals with positive and negative states of malaria at the end of the study and lost to follow-up, two latent variables were introduced in the model. We used a real data set and a simulated data to illustrate the application of the methodology. The proposed model showed a good fit to these data sets, and the algorithm did not show problems of convergence or lack of identifiability. We conclude that the proposed model is a good alternative to estimate probabilities of transitions from one state of health to the other in studies with low adherence to follow-up.     

影视文化与和谐文化的构建

和谐文化是构建社会主义和谐社会建设的精神支柱和道德保障,影视文化则在促进和谐文化的形成、推动和谐文化的发展、确保和谐文化的传播中发挥着极为重要的作用.面对当前全球金融危机,影视文化可以潜移默化地增强受众战胜困难的勇气和信心,用暖心来暖经济.     

拾取人间简易文--蔡易庵先生和他的篆刻艺术

蔡易庵先生是近代以来扬州印坛的重要印人.其篆刻艺术以秦汉印为"源",对明清和近代印学流派印人印章作精当的吸收,形成个人的特色.其印章法上得秦汉布白之意,用刀得晚清印人刀法,而以"冲"、"涩"运之,并以碑版入印,形成了清穆醇和、淹雅简约的印风.这种烂漫之趣、生涩之美、自然之韵在现代印坛另辟一途,富于新的审美趣味,丰富了当代篆刻的创作.     

打通研究:一种属于比较文学的研究方法

文学研究无论是影响研究还是科际整合以及阐发研究,都在于为研究对象或所要解决的问题提供或寻找一个参照系,这实际上就是一个相对于作为"明比"的平行研究的"暗比".因此说,比较文学就是文学比较,只不过是这里的比较已经被作为一门独立学科的比较文学历史赋予比较、参照、跨越、打通的独特意义.     

Penalized spline joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data

The joint models for longitudinal data and time-to-event data have recently received numerous attention in clinical and epidemiologic studies. Our interest is in modeling the relationship between event time outcomes and internal time-dependent covariates. In practice, the longitudinal responses often show non linear and fluctuated curves. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to use penalized splines with a truncated polynomial basis to parameterize the non linear longitudinal process. Then, the linear mixed-effects model is applied to subject-specific curves and to control the smoothing. The association between the dropout process and longitudinal outcomes is modeled through a proportional hazard model. Two types of baseline risk functions are considered, namely a Gompertz distribution and a piecewise constant model. The resulting models are referred to as penalized spline joint models; an extension of the standard joint models. The expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm is applied to estimate the parameters in the proposed models. To validate the proposed algorithm, extensive simulation studies were implemented followed by a case study. In summary, the penalized spline joint models provide a new approach for joint models that have improved the existing standard joint models.     

Longitudinal associations among adolescents’ organized activity involvement and sociopolitical values

Organized activities represent a potentially important context for the development of adolescent sociopolitical values, but few studies have examined longitudinal associations between youths’ sociopolitical values and activity involvement. Adolescents (N = 299, Time 1 M_age = 15.49, SD = .93, 62% female) reported on their organized activity involvement (volunteering, church, sports, arts/music, school and community clubs) and sociopolitical values (materialism, social dominance, authoritarianism, patriotism, spirituality) at baseline and one year later. Greater involvement in arts/music predicted lower spirituality and patriotism one year later and greater involvement in church predicted higher levels of spirituality and lower levels of social dominance one year later. Higher levels of materialism predicted less involvement in arts/music one year later and higher social dominance values predicted less involvement in volunteering one year later. Findings support the importance of organized activities in sociopolitical development, and suggest that sociopolitical values may guide decisions concerning future organized activity involvement.     

全球化视阈中的中国本土电影的叙事

电影一方面是工业文明的产物,同时又是一种特殊的文化产品。在全球化的今天,中国本土电影也日渐向全球化靠拢。虽然全球化使得好莱坞电影在世界范围畅行无阻,但好莱坞电影并不能替代我们对本土文化、本土生活、本土经验的关注与书写。我们的电影首先是本土的,而后才是世界的。