近代资本主义生产生活方式对中国传统慈善事业的影响——以北京为例

以交通、通讯、新闻舆论等为典型代表的近代西方资本主义生产与生活方式传入中国后，它们或便利救济物资的调配，或加速救助对象的区域流动，或监督与制约救济事务的运转，或宣传与流播新型慈善思想等，从整体上对中国传统慈善活动的近代转型发挥强大的刺激与推动作用。     

ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.     

明代金湜、张珹出使朝鲜与《甲申皇华集》述论

天顺八年，金湜、张城作为正、副使赴朝鲜颁明宪宗登极诏。在朝鲜期间，他们充分发挥自己的才艺，与朝鲜文臣赓酬唱和，留下了许多诗文。朝鲜为了表示事大之诚，更为了显示本国的文雅之关，将这些诗文辑录刻印，即《甲中皇华集》。学界关于这一问题，尚未展开探讨，文章探讨了《甲中皇华集》的成因，内容方面的特色及双方唱和的竞争意识、使臣形象的差异问题，以求对研究中朝文学关系有所裨益。     

日本政府"内向型"战争追悼理念及其成因

战后日德两国政府的战争追悼理念明显呈现"内向型"与"外向型"之差异。只向本国的战争罹难者特别是战死"皇军"将士和被处决战犯表示哀悼而拒绝向被侵略国家为数更多的死难者致哀,是日本政府"内向型"战争追悼理念的主要特征。其成因主要有四:"自卫战争史观"、"解放战争史观"、"靖国史观"等错误的历史观,是其形成的思想根源;日本政要的右派构成和日本政权的保守性质,是其形成的政治基础;战后秉持错误历史观的日本国民的大量存在,是其形成的社会土壤;战后宽松的国际地缘政治环境,是其形成的外部条件。     

论闻一多对传统诗学的继承与发展

"求真"与"求美"是闻一多古典诗学批评的两个重要尺度,"求真"是继承了中国传统诗学的要素,而"求美"则是吸收了西方唯美主义的因子。闻一多从中国诗歌产生的源头论证了"诗缘情"一说的合理性,认为诗歌的本质在于抒诗人之真性情。但他又不囿于旧说,而是借鉴了西方唯美主义的学说,十分重视诗歌的形式美。另外,在诗学批评的方法上,他不仅运用了传统的训诂考据的方法,还引进了西方当时流行的文化学批评的方法。他力图通过还原古代诗歌产生的特定的社会环境,从产生文学艺术的生活场景来对文学艺术进行文学本体性研究。     

Lower bounds on expectations of positive L-statistics from without-replacement models

We consider samples drawn without replacement from finite populations. We establish optimal lower non-negative and upper non-positive bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of order statistics centered about the population mean in units generated by the population central absolute moments of various orders. We also specify the general results for important examples of sample extremes, Gini mean differences and sample range. The paper completes the results of Papadatos and Rychlik [2004. Bounds on expectations of L-statistics from without replacement samples. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 124, 317–336], where sharp negative lower and positive upper bounds on the expectations of the combinations were presented for the without-replacement samples.     

Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

现代教育技术对培养创新人才的作用

现代教育技术对创新人才的创新精神和创新能力两大核心要素的培养上,尤其是对创造性思维能力的培养具有无可比拟的独特作用。具有智能模拟功能的教育技术能够促进学习者对知识的自主建构,有力激发学习者的创造动机和创造灵感。协作式学习、多媒体课件以及教师指导的相互配合,能够促进学习者求异发散思维、直觉形象思维和抽象逻辑思维的整全发展,从而提升创新能力。     

湖北省高校科技成果转化的现状调查与分析

通过对高校科技工作管理者、高校教师以及部分企业的调研发现,目前影响湖北省高校科技成果转化的因素主要是政府管理、资金投入、高校观念转变与机制创新、企业重视等方面,并提出相应的对策与建议.     

儒家思想对汉民族服饰观负面影响二题

文章论述了传统的等级与礼教等思想对汉民族服饰观的负面影响 ,表现为服饰的森严的等级观念和趋同的服饰心理