Implied Preference for Seismic Design Level and Earthquake Insurance

Seismic risk can be reduced by implementing newly developed seismic provisions in design codes. Furthermore, financial protection or enhanced utility and happiness for stakeholders could be gained through the purchase of earthquake insurance. If this is not so, there would be no market for such insurance. However, perceived benefit associated with insurance is not universally shared by stakeholders partly due to their diverse risk attitudes. This study investigates the implied seismic design preference with insurance options for decisionmakers of bounded rationality whose preferences could be adequately represented by the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). The investigation is focused on assessing the sensitivity of the implied seismic design preference with insurance options to model parameters of the CPT and to fair and unfair insurance arrangements. Numerical results suggest that human cognitive limitation and risk perception can affect the implied seismic design preference by the CPT significantly. The mandatory purchase of fair insurance will lead the implied seismic design preference to the optimum design level that is dictated by the minimum expected lifecycle cost rule. Unfair insurance decreases the expected gain as well as its associated variability, which is preferred by risk-averse decisionmakers. The obtained results of the implied preference for the combination of the seismic design level and insurance option suggest that property owners, financial institutions, and municipalities can take advantage of affordable insurance to establish successful seismic risk management strategies.     

Effects of Marriage and Children on Financial Risk Tolerance: A Synthesis of Family Development and Prospect Theory

Family development and prospect theory were used as a framework to predict variability in individuals' subjective financial risk tolerance within distinct family structures. Gender, age, and income were expected to interact with the main effects of family structure (marital status and children). Theory-generated hypotheses were examined in Study 1 (data from university housing respondents, n = 76) and Study 2 (the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, n = 4,305). One family structure main effect (child presence) was significant for investment risk tolerance in both studies. Family structure interactions (marital status × age and child × income) were significant for employment risk (Study 1), and child × age was significant for investment risk in Study 2.     

Assessing goodness-of-fit of categorical regression models based on case-control data

Demonstrated equivalence between a categorical regression model based on case‐control data and an I‐sample semiparametric selection bias model leads to a new goodness‐of‐fit test. The proposed test statistic is an extension of an existing Kolmogorov–Smirnov‐type statistic and is the weighted average of the absolute differences between two estimated distribution functions in each response category. The paper establishes an optimal property for the maximum semiparametric likelihood estimator of the parameters in the I‐sample semiparametric selection bias model. It also presents a bootstrap procedure, some simulation results and an analysis of two real datasets.     

汉语数字词语比喻的文化透视--智慧与德行篇

比喻是人类语言中一种最有力的手段,在这些奇妙的比喻中,数字词语比喻更是独领风骚.本文从智慧、德行两个方面来对数字词语比喻的喻义、用途、及其折射的文化现象进行了讨论.试图用生动鲜明的例词来说明中国文化的源远流长和博大精深.以数字为链的词语比喻使得词语的喻义更俱特色,也更通俗易懂,易为广大人民群众所接受.而且,大量的数字词语比喻来源于人们所熟悉,历史上广为流传的民间故事或传说,所以易为人们所记忆和传播.     

网上购物风险来源、类型及其影响因素研究

从风险来源的角度深入地研究了网上购物感知风险类型与其相对强度,对于企业从风险来源上降低和管理网上风险具有重要的指导意义.文章发现消费者在网上购物时,风险主要来源于产品本身、远距离交易、互联网这种交易模式和网站这四个方面.研究结果揭示了,当消费者在网上购物的时候,所感受到最强烈的三个风险分别是,来自于产品本身的产品绩效风险、来自于远距离交易的服务风险和来自于网站的来源风险.最后,研究还发现,消费者网上购物感知风险的强弱与消费者的年龄、网络购物频率之间存在较强的相关性,年龄越大,感知风险越强;网上购物频率越高,感知风险越低.     

风险社会的来临与历史决定论的消解

风险社会的来临改变了人类的生存境遇和生活体验，也必将导致人们观念和行为方式的改变。对现代风险社会进行认真的反思，并将与“人为的不确定性”相联系的风险概念引入，可以消解历史决定论的思维定势，也可以为马克思历史唯物主义的真实意蕴及当代性的彰显提供全新的解释维度和现实根据。     

医学院校实施发展性德育的价值探析

主体的发展性是现代德育的本质属性。现从发展性德育的价值追求着手,阐述发展性德育对医德目标的实现、医德情感的培养和医学人才培养的指导作用和借鉴价值。     

回归生活世界:当代道德教育的呼唤

道德教育根源于生活,旨在导引并成就一种可能的幸福生活。现实中,道德教育与生活世界的背离使回归生活成为教育界日益强烈的呼声。胡塞尔的生活世界理论为道德教育回归生活提供了理论基石,而道德教育自身与生活世界相融的特性也使其回归成为可能。     

供应链风险产生根源的理论分析

根据现有文献研究成果,结合实际调研分析,将供应链风险因素整理归纳为系统风险、供应风险、物流风险、信息风险、财务风险、管理风险、需求风险和环境风险。每种风险因素并非独立存在,而是相互影响、互为根源。其非线性叠加结果将会放大供应链整体风险水平。因此,必须认识到其存在的风险,只有在明确各种风险产生根源的基础上,才能恰当地制定、选择和采取有效措施,规避风险,确保供应链整体绩效稳步提高。     

民国时期的水灾与社会风险——以1931年江淮大水为例

1931年江淮大水灾以其发灾快、历时长、灾域广、损失重、影响远等特点而难忘于人们的记忆，这场由洪水而带来的灾荒对灾区内外的社会安全造成了严重威胁和冲击，从灾民流移、城市难民综合症、兵灾匪患、疾疫传播这几个角度来进行考察，结果发现，20世纪20、30年代的时局使得灾荒这样一种本来单一的突发事件，却因与时代环境纠葛在一起而变得错综复杂，时局弱化防灾与抗灾能力，天灾加剧社会动荡，秩序失控诱发更大的灾难，最终形成一条天灾人祸恶性循环的风险链。