中国居民环境行为意愿的多层分析——基于2013年CSS数据的实证分析

环境行为意愿的调查一直以来是国际环境调查中不可缺少的题项,并且环境行为意愿对环境行为的调节和中介作用得到大多数环境社会学实证研究验证。我国环境社会学对环境行为意愿的研究相对较少,大多数研究将行为意愿作为环境关心或者环境行为的一个影响因素。本研究基于2013年的中国CSS数据,对我国110县级市的9 181位居民环境行为意愿从微观个体层面和宏观层面进行检验。研究结果表明,在个体层面,婚姻状况、居住地、党员身份、教育程度、经济地位自评、信息获取、环境风险感知、政治参与对环境行为意愿有着正向作用。在宏观层面,地区经济发展对居民平均环境行为意愿有显著促进作用,工业废水排放量、工业固体废弃物利用率与经济发展指标交互效应对当地居居平均环境行为意愿有一定影响。     

Public Support for International Human Rights Institutions: A Cross‐National and Multilevel Analysis

The expansion of international human rights institutions has drawn much attention. Bringing together theories from sociology, political science, and international law, this article examines what factors promote public support for international human rights institutions, using the recent wave of the World Values Survey data (2005–2008). The level of public support displays both cross‐national and cross‐individual variations, so I conceptualize it as a two‐level process and employ the multilevel modeling. At the individual level, it is found that men, younger people, and individuals with more education and income show a higher level of support. At the country level, national affluence, political change (de‐democratization), and linkage to the world society are associated with more support. I further integrate individual‐level characteristics and country‐level social contexts, and pay special attention to education. Education is the institutional link between macro‐level social influences and micro‐level individual attitudes. I find that the support‐promoting effect of education is contingent on social contexts. It is more salient in wealthy countries and countries with strong ties to the world society.     

A multilevel analysis of the effects of a reproductive health programme that encouraged informed choice of contraceptive method rather than use of officially preferred methods,China 2003–2005

Using data from the Food and Agricultural Organization and some other sources, it was estimated that rapid population growth in countries with an initial average calorie availability of below 2800 per head inhibited improvements in food production and availability per head during the 1980s and early 1990s. There were statistically significant negative effects of population growth on the growth in the production of noncereal food crops, milk, and meat, and in total food production. Because net food imports and aid shipments of cereals responded similarly, rather than acting as compensatory factors, the development in total calorie availability per head was least satisfactory in countries with the most rapid growth. A rapid increase in the number of adults of working age appeared to be no less disadvantageous than an increase in the number of children or elderly. Weaker effects were found when the entire 1970-95 period was considered. There were few indications that poverty, illiteracy, or land or water scarcity made it particularly difficult to cope with a growing population.     

论网络广播组织权利的法律保护

网络广播是信息技术革命的新产物，为了防止盗播行为，国际社会正在考虑对网络广播组织的权利给予法律保护。但具体如何保护争议很大。我国应当分阶段来解决该问题。合理授予网络广播组织的权利。并给以适当的权利限制．以使网络广播组织的利益与社会公众的利益保持适当的平衡。具体可以分两个阶段进行保护：第一阶段即现有阶段。我国网络产业还刚刚起步．不宜将网络广播组织纳入广播组织权的主体范围并给予其邻接权保护；第二阶段．当国际公约已明确对网络广播组织邻接权予以保护时。我国也可以根据本国网络产业发展状况。逐步给予网络广播组织一定程度的保护。     

On the bias and mean square error of the least square estimator in a regression model with two inequality constraints and multivariate t error terms

We derive and numerically evaluate the bias and mean square error of the inequality constrained least squares estimator in a model with two inequality constraints and multivariate terror terms. Our results suggest that qualitatively, the estimator properties found for models with normal errors carry over to the case of multivariate terrors.     

Happiness of Hong Kong youth from 2000 to 2014: empirical evidence on the differential impact of socioeconomic conditions on youth versus other age groups

This paper aims to explain why Hong Kong youth have become unhappier than older people in recent years. We test in this connection six hypotheses, using random effects ordinal logistic regressions with a combined macro-micro dataset from official statistics and a longitudinal opinion survey project from 2000 to 2014. The results show that the decline in the happiness level in recent years is more significant for Hong Kong youth than for older people. We also find evidence of age heterogeneity in the impacts of both macroeconomic conditions and the housing price on happiness. GDP per capita has a weaker positive effect on youth’s happiness than it does on older people. The positive correlation between housing price and happiness is valid for older people only. Rapid economic growth and the rise in the price of housing have made older people happier than youth since the early 2010s.     

Short report: Understanding the process of multilevel suicide prevention research trials

This paper reviews process evaluations associated with multilevel suicide prevention research trials. Process evaluations can provide important information about how multilevel suicide prevention models are implemented, their mechanisms of impact, and the context and elements of implementation that mediate effectiveness. Out of 42 papers identified, only four met selection criteria for including a process evaluation. Of these four, there was large variation in the level of detail provided, and only two studies specifically focused on the process of implementing a multilevelsuicide prevention model. Future trials should include targeted process evaluation, which can benefit a range of knowledge users.     

欧洲中世纪有宪法吗

谈到近现代欧洲各国的宪法或民主政治,人们宁可到古希腊和古罗马的民主政治中寻找根源,而不愿将之与近代毗邻的"黑暗的"中世纪相联系.人们概念中的等级、特权和专制的欧洲中世纪是没有宪法的.但果真如此吗?本文以有别于传统宪法定义的方式,在对欧洲中世纪宪法进行科学界定的基础上,通过理论论证和实证分析,得出欧洲中世纪有宪法的结论.     

Is Marriage More Than Cohabitation? Well‐Being Differences in 30 European Countries

The study aims to assess, first, whether there is a gap in well‐being between unmarried cohabitants and the married, second, if selection factors can explain this so‐called cohabitation gap, and third, if the size of the cohabitation gap differs across countries and how this can be explained. We use pooled data from young adults (18–44) in 3 rounds of the European Social Survey (N ? 31, 500). Multilevel regression analyses show that there is a moderate cohabitation gap that can be partly explained with the selection factors material resources and religiosity. Country differences were clear and could partly be explained with the level of institutionalization: In countries where cohabitation is more accepted and more prevalent, the cohabitation gap is smaller.     

现阶段完全母乳喂养的性别差异研究

本文使用（2001年全国计划生育／生殖健康调查》数据，分析了我国育龄妇女对新生男、女婴在完全母乳喂养时期方面的差异。该研究以被调查妇女的曾生子女为研究单位，利用多层模型（包括母亲与婴儿两层）在控制母亲的人口社会经济特征等异质性的基础上，重点分析家庭既有子女性别构成对男、女婴完全母乳喂养期的影响。研究结果表明，现阶段家庭性别偏好在一定程度上依然存在，并影响到对子女的养育。