Masking and swamping effects on tests for multiple outliers in normal sample

A study of some commonly used multiple outlier tests in case of normal samples is presented. When the number of outliers in the sample is unknown, two phenomena, namely, the masking and the swamping effect can occur. The performance of the tests is studied using the measures of masking and swamping effects proposed by Bendre and Kale (1985) and Bendre (1985). The effects are illustrated in case of the Murphy test, Tietjen—Moore test and Dixon test. A small simulation study is carried out to indicate these effects.     

Non-Gaussian limit distributions for U-statistics based on trimmed and Winsorized samples

Conditions ensuring the asymptotic normality of U-statistics based on either trimmed samples or Winsorized samples are well known [P. Janssen, R. Serfling, and N. Veraverbeke, Asymptotic normality of U-statistics based on trimmed samples, J. Statist. Plann. Inference 16 (1987), pp. 63–74; U-statistics on Winsorized and trimmed samples, Statist. Probab. Lett. 9 (1990), pp. 439–447]. However, the class of U-statistics has a much richer family of limiting distributions. This paper complements known results by providing general limit theorems for U-statistics based on trimmed or Winsorized samples where the limiting distribution is given in terms of multiple Ito–Wiener stochastic integrals.     

Coping with missing data in phase III pivotal registration trials: Tolvaptan in subjects with kidney disease,a case study

Missing data cause challenging issues, particularly in phase III registration trials, as highlighted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US National Research Council. We explore, as a case study, how the issues from missing data were tackled in a double‐blind phase III trial in subjects with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A total of 1445 subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive active treatment (tolvaptan), or placebo. The primary outcome, the rate of change in total kidney volume, favored tolvaptan (P < .0001). The key secondary efficacy endpoints of clinical progression of disease and rate of decline in kidney function also favored tolvaptan. However, as highlighted by Food and Drug Administration and EMA, the interpretation of results was hampered by a high number of unevenly distributed dropouts, particularly early dropouts. In this paper, we outline the analyses undertaken to address the issue of missing data thoroughly. “Tipping point analyses” were performed to explore how extreme and detrimental outcomes among subjects with missing data must be to overturn the positive treatment effect attained in those subjects who had complete data. Nonparametric rank‐based analyses were also performed accounting for missing data. In conclusion, straightforward and transparent analyses directly taking into account missing data convincingly support the robustness of the preplanned analyses on the primary and secondary endpoints. Tolvaptan was confirmed to be effective in slowing total kidney volume growth, which is considered an efficacy endpoint by EMA, and in lessening the decline in renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.     

土地产权变革的诉求:农地承包经营权自由流转政策的多源流分析

《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》掀起的新一轮土地改革对我国农业现代化发展具有着重要而深远的意义。运用多源流理论框架分析该政策得以通过实施的内在机理,从理论上证明该政策得以提上政策议程的合理性,并揭示其对我国公共政策制定过程的借鉴意义,以规范、完善我国公共政策制定流程与框架。     

音实难知——魏晋六朝多元解释思想总论

魏晋六朝是中国解释思想的重要转型期。在此之前，西汉今文经学的政教阐释模式使所有解经者都沿看一个路向作或美或刺的主观理解，东汉古文经学又集体转向通过语言解释方法直达圣贤元意和经典本旨的所谓客观诠释。只有到了魏晋，真正个体性的解读才开始在追求个性解放、思想自由的玄学思潮中依稀呈现，王弼、郭象、嵇康、葛洪、刘勰等人的解释思想和话语，彰显魏晋六朝解释思想的多元祈向与特征。     

Transnational cultural flows: An analysis of women's magazines in China

This study examines the expansion process of women's magazines in China, particularly over the past few decades. From 1921 to 1976 only a few women's magazines were available in China and all were owned and published by the government. However, since the late 1980s, there has been a proliferation of women's magazines – both local and international. Today, Chinese language versions of Western women's magazines, such as Elle, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, and Harper's Bazaar, and Japanese magazines like Rayli can be found on the magazine racks of any major city in China. The introduction and competition from international magazines has changed the look and content of local women's magazines. This preliminary study uses historical analysis and political economy to examine the growth of women's magazines in China and to discuss how the changing face of women's media represents a shift in gender ideology in China.     

我国基金经理个人因素对业绩影响的实证分析

在本文中，我们将多元回归分析的方法来对我国开放式基金的基金经理个人特征因素对业绩影响进行建模分析。研究发现，基金经理的任期、学历、年龄等因素对基金的收益率影响较为显著。     

多元智能与英语教学策略

将以英语教学为切入点,探讨多元智能理论与英语课堂教学整合的途径和方法,为该理论拓展更广阔的应用空间。     

多源多目标环境下配送中心服务半径的确定(模型研究)

面对日益高效、快速及个性化的客户配送服务需求,配送中心服务半径的科学决策和确定十分必要。本文在分析配送中心服务半径基本含义及其影响因素的基础上,针对多源多目标环境下配送中心服务半径提出了相应的数学模型,并通过数学模型对实体环境进行模拟研究,确定了一个区域内多个配送中心配送多种商品给若干客户时的服务半径。通过本研究,旨在为配送中心服务半径的科学决策提供借鉴。