20世纪日本神话学的三个里程碑

20世纪的日本神话学走过了从开创到中兴、再到繁荣的百年历史。百年来,日本神话学以其丰硕的研究成果树立了三个辉煌的里程碑。随着神话学的百年进程,先后凸现出了三个时期的三位重要代表人物——高木敏雄、松村武雄和大林太良。他们的神话学研究主导地位在当代日本神话学界受到公认和尊重。     

神话视域下的苗族史诗《亚鲁王》

《亚鲁王》作为苗族复合型的大型史诗,保留了大量具有鲜明文化特征的神话情节和母题。该史诗流传的悠久历史体现出麻山苗族地区丰厚的神话传承土壤,史诗叙事中关于万物起源、造日月等典型神话母题具有值得关注的神话内涵与文化分析价值。     

神话为何属于文学研究？——以晚明、晚清西学分类为起点

晚明是华夏第一次对西学大量译介和争论的时期,晚明士人对西学分类的认识、以及西人介绍西学时的策略皆能体现中西文化最根深蒂固部分.晚明西学分类的次第观念为文学（教育之用）→医学、海学等等→理学→天学,只有本土理学、天学才是正统.晚清士人受此影响并参入新因素,即在“学”与“理”中间加入“政”,形成器物之学→制度之学→文化之学的递进关系观念.在此基础上,晚清传入“神话”——这种外来“知识”仅关乎古希腊等异邦的“神”之故事,它既无法对应中国的“天”之内容（历象、人伦、物理、祭祀、五帝、祖先等等）,也无法抵达“格物穷理之大原本”,仅有启迪民心的教育之用,从属于“文学”.受此观念影响,中国神话学逐渐从属于文学研究.尤其在当下学科建制中,神话研究者基本集中在民间文学和少数民族文学学科,这促使学界需要更深层反思中国现代学术史观念,以及“神话”及神话学何以能更贴切本土文化问题.     

Manufacturing feature-based cost management system: a case study in Brazil

Feature costing is a topic of recent discussion related to cost management systems (CMSs) aimed at understanding how product features influence production process costs. It raises as a key issue in mass customisation environments where a single product model can present hundreds of menu options. In this study, we explore the concept of feature costing beyond the use of activity-based costing (ABC). We propose a CMS based on features and common elements as costing objects instead of products. In our model, we use the unit of production effort method to organise the direct manufacturing costs, ABC method to address the indirect cost and the standard methods to compute raw materials costs. We illustrate the method in the production of bus seats in a Brazilian manufacturing company. This study gives different perspectives to the international academic community on the use of a different CMS used by many Brazilian companies.     

解读周作人的希腊神话情结

从影响研究的角度,剖析周作人的希腊神话情结是有必要的。希腊神话中表现的希腊思想,如现世主义、自然人性、爱美的精神及节制之德契合了周作人的社会理想、文学理想与人生追求。     

我者的他者性——人类学“写文化”的方法问题

人类学关于"写文化"的方法自觉,给文学人类学和历史人类学研究带来重要的启迪.文章以三个研究案例的故事,说明人类学的写作概念旨在全面和整体性地把握一种文化,对于传统的文学写作和历史写作概念起到一种拓展和补充的作用.人类学在文化表现上强调多元的、互动的复杂视点,捕捉族群之间的冲突与融合,这就解构了以往的权力话语和精英写作的单一性和绝对合法性,预示着文化价值观的更新所带来的再经典化问题.     

从神话-原型批评迈向文学人类学理论——中国文学人类学的兴起

神话原型批评由西学东渐到生根本土,经历了从弗莱理论向文学人类学研究的延伸与转化。其倡导者和实践者大都具有明确的学科建构意识,他们力图借助人类学观念来促成国学的更新,以实现中国人文社会科学的现代转型为终极目的,其价值和意义远远超出了单纯的文学批评理论流派的范畴。从神话原型批评迈向文学人类学研究,为西方理论旅行中国提供了一个极有研究价值的实例。     

Learning the two parameters of the Poisson–Dirichlet distribution with a forensic application

In forensic science, the rare type match problem arises when the matching characteristic from the suspect and the crime scene is not in the reference database; hence, it is difficult to evaluate the likelihood ratio that compares the defense and prosecution hypotheses. A recent solution consists of modeling the ordered population probabilities according to the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet distribution, which is a well-known Bayesian nonparametric prior, and plugging the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters into the likelihood ratio. We demonstrate that this approximation produces a systematic bias that fully Bayesian inference avoids. Motivated by this forensic application, we consider the need to learn the posterior distribution of the parameters that governs the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet using two sampling methods: Markov Chain Monte Carlo and approximate Bayesian computation. These methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Finally, we compare the likelihood ratio that is obtained by our proposal with the existing solution using a database of Y-chromosome haplotypes.     

印度神话传说在东南亚的传播

:印度三大神话体系 (吠陀神话、印度教神话和佛教神话 )对东南亚多数国家的宗教和神话都产生过重要影响 ,其中三教交叉并行的复杂传播现象是东南亚早期国家宗教文化的一大特色。其结果导致多神共存不悖和对主神信仰的相继变更 ,使东南亚文化变得丰富多彩并初具对世界文化兼容并蓄的宽容精神