关于国民经济动员面向非军事需求的思考

本文从以下几方面论述了如何加强国民经济动员体系在非军事领域的应用:加强协作,建立完善的动员组织体系;加强媒体动员,建立高效的动员信息系统;完善动员机制,保障国家安全;建立健全法律法规,保障动员的顺利实施。     

明清女性参加庙会的文化需求分析

本文简要考察了明清女性参加庙会的概况,认为一向很少参加社交活动的明清女性是庙会活动的积极参与者;造成这一现象的原因在于明清女性受礼教的压迫深重,有着现实生活无法满足的需求,而庙会恰恰提供了这样一个场所,使女性的心理需求和生理需求都得到了一定程度的满足。     

长期护理需求评估体系建设研究——基于地方试点与德国实践

长期护理需求评估是长期护理保险筹资与给付的联结点,直接决定了保险给付,并对长期护理保险筹资有重要影响.当前我国试点地方在长期护理需求评估制度的设计上分歧较大,虽积累了差异化的经验与案例,但地区分割不利于社会公平与社会流动.应立足于长期护理保险的社会保险属性,结合社会实际与试点效果,适当借鉴德国经验,统筹设计长期护理需求评估体系,通过"法律+行政法规+部门规章"的规范形式,精准定位评估对象,明确独立的评估主体、科学设计评估指标与评估工具、严格规范评估程序等确保评估结果的科学、客观与公正,并根据评估结果进行分级分类给付,实现长期护理保险资源流向精准.     

Professional discretion and length of work experience: what findings from focus groups with care managers in elder care suggest

ABSTRACT

Research has explored how care managers in elder care – who often function as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ – regard professional discretion. The way in which length of work experience affects care managers’ use of professional discretion remains, however, unexplored. This article present findings from 12 focus groups with 60 care managers. By bringing attention to how care managers experience the needs assessment process, this article sheds light on how these ‘street-level bureaucrats’ struggle when they try to balance their clients’ needs against institutional frameworks and local guidelines. Length of work experience seems to play a role in how care managers claim to use professional discretion. Experienced care managers describe how they deviate from the guidelines at times in order to create an increased scope of action in their decision-making process. Those with less time in the profession describe greater difficulties in this respect. Findings suggest that research should explore if length of work experience plays a role in the actual way in which care managers assess needs and make decisions. As such, they contribute to our understanding of how needs assessment processes are navigated by professionals while also pointing towards the nature of professional discretion in gerontological social work.     

艺术设计教育理念与文化产业需求意向的对接

以培养符合文化产业发展需求意向以及知识结构合理的复合型人才为目的，探讨艺术设计教育理念与文化产业诉求的契合点，分析艺术设计教育理念的定位调整对文化产业市场及文化产业综合形象力的提升产生的积极作用，进而得出艺术设计教育理念与文化产业需求意向的对接，关系到艺术设计教育的发展前景，并对文化产业起到推进动能和促进作用，对文化价值观产生不可估量的影响。     

构建马克思主义大众化道德基础的新思路

十七大报告提出马克思主义大众化,本文试图从道德哲学的角度切入,论证马克思主义大众化的道德基础——人民群众正当合理的需要和利益。分别从最低要求、最高要求及贯通两者的操作程序三个方面展开论证。在此基础上结合当代社会的特点,提出了建构此道德基础的三点思路。     

论需求分析在大学英语分级教学中的作用

需求分析是英语课程计划中的基本步骤,是大纲设计一切活动的前提。在深化大学英语教学改革的今天,需求分析的重要性得到了越来越多人的认可。由此,从需求分析理论入手,着重探讨了大学英语分级教学的现状以及在此背景下开展需求分析的重要作用。     

来华长期进修留学生阅读课教材需求分析

以来华长期进修的留学生为调查对象,对其在阅读课教材方面的需求进行了实证研究,主要结论如下：留学生对课文长度的接受程度为500—1000字,生词量为20％～30％,但不同水平、不同地区的学习者呈现需求的差异;留学生十分关注阅读教材的趣味性、时代性和阅读策略的指导功能,不同地区的学生表现了很大的差异;留学生对话题的选择呈现出多样化的趋向,不同地区的学生需求不同。     

论主体对需要的选择及其意义

任何人作为社会行为的主体,都必然要对自己的需要进行选择。这种选择既受主体自身因素的影响,又受社会因素的制约;既表现为一个微观过程,又表现为一个宏观过程。对主体的需要选择行为进行探讨,理论上可以对历史唯物主义逻辑起点的认识更趋深化、全面化、科学化,实践上对于建设社会主义和谐社会亦有重要的指导意义。     

The needs and experiences of women with gestational diabetes mellitus from minority ethnic backgrounds in high-income nations: A systematic integrative review

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a growing challenge worldwide, with significant risks to both the mother and baby that extend beyond the duration of the pregnancy and immediate post-partum period. Women from ethnic minority groups who access GDM care in high-income settings face particular challenges. The aim of this systematic integrative review is to explore the experiences and needs of women with GDM from select ethnic groups in high-income healthcare settings.MethodsFor the purposes of this systematic integrative review, a comprehensive search strategy explored the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for primary studies that explored the needs and experiences of women with gestational diabetes from select ethnic minority groups living in high-income nations. The ethnicity of the women in the study included: East, South and Southeast Asian, Indian subcontinent, Aboriginal/First Nations, Torres Strait Islander, Pacific Islander, Māori, Middle Eastern, African, or South/Latina American. Studies were assessed with the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and findings were synthesised with thematic analysis.ResultsThis review included 15 qualitative studies, one mixed method, and one cross-sectional study. Six high-income nations were represented. The voices and experiences of 843 women who originated from at least one ethnic minority group are represented. Four major themes were constructed: psychological impact of GDM, GDM care and education, GDM and sociocultural impact, and GDM and lifestyle changes.Discussion and conclusionLimitations exist in the provision of culturally appropriate care to support the management of GDM in women from select ethnic groups in high-income healthcare settings. Women require care that is culturally appropriate, considering the individual needs and cultural practices of the woman. Engaging a woman’s partner and family ensures good support is provided. Culturally appropriate care needs to be co-designed with communities so that women are at the centre of their care, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach.