基于“布局”理论视角的企业间社会网络结构与复杂适应

对中国一家多元化企业集团20年的发展进行个案跟踪研究,试图理解在竞争环境中,组织如何通过对社会网络结构与机会的"布局"来获益。研究得出,布局是不同于企业战略规划的、关于平衡的行动逻辑。布局的机制表现为平衡紧密网络与松散网络,从网络与机会的共建中实现关系再生产与组织成长,达到对环境的复杂适应。     

Gender,Pay and Work Satisfaction at a UK University

This article examines a modern, former polytechnic granted the status of university in 1992, to illustrate the state gender pay gap in the UK and suggests that to talk of the state pay gap is too simplistic as it does not take into account variations in the size of the pay gap in different job grades. The article also examines satisfaction levels with pay for two groups of staff, administrative and academic and shows how satisfaction with pay, promotion and conditions also varies between the grades. Previous research that concluded that women are more satisfied with their pay than men is, again, too simplistic as it does not consider the affect of staff grade. The article argues that there is a link between the size of the pay gap, staff grade, occupational gender segregation and expressing dissatisfaction.     

Self-Assessment and Change in One's Profession: Notes on the Phenomenology of Aging Among Mid-Life Women

Using data from a pilot study of mid-life, mid-career women in nursing, this research note suggests further exploration of women's work roles in understanding subjective assessments of self and aging. The analysis shows that among the nurses studied, dynamics of occupational or professional change were related to views of self in the future. These issues of change rather than age graded norms for achievement were paramount in the nurses' self assessment.     

On Old-Fashioned Versus Modern Homonegativity Distinction: Evidence From Poland

Psychological research on prejudice against homosexuals distinguishes between old-fashioned (traditional) and modern (contemporary) homonegativity, which differ with regard to their content, correlates, and consequences. The current research offers evidence for the validity of old-fashioned versus modern homonegativity distinction in the post-communist, East European context. In Studies 1 and 2 (Ns = 295 and 327, respectively) the Polish adaptations of the non-gendered and gendered Homonegativity Scale (Morrison, Parriag, & Morrison, 1999) and the Modern Homonegativity Scale (Morrison & Morrison, 2003) were developed. Furthermore, divergent (discriminant) validity of traditional and contemporary anti-homosexual prejudice was demonstrated. Old-fashioned and modern homonegativity exhibited differential relationships with social distance and support for same-sex couples’ relational rights.     

The Cost of Compensating Asbestos Victims Under the Occupational Disease Compensation Act of 1983

The potentially huge financial liability due to asbestos product suits and the resulting filings for reorganization in bankruptcy by Manville, UNR Industries, Inc., and Amatex, has become a major public policy concern. In response to the problem several bills have been introduced in the Congress to provide compensation for asbestos (and other occupational disease) victims. This paper estimates the cost of compensating asbestos victims under the provisions of the "Occupational Disease Compensation Act of 1983," introduced by Congressman George Miller. Utilizing fatality projections from studies by Enterline, Selikoff, and Walker, and assumptions regarding likely claims filing and success rates, duration and degree of disability, and medical expenses, first year costs for this legislation are estimated to range from a low of $131 million to a high of $ billion. Present value cost estimates at a 2% real discount rate range from $3 billion to $56 billion. The paper also estimates the impact of possible modifications to the compensation provisions of the legislation. Reducing medical payments by the amount received from medicare would lower costs by 3-4%. Providing survivors with a 3-year lump sum benefit rather than a 5-year lump sum payment would save 20-25% as would offsetting the 5-year lump sum by expected social security old age and disability benefits. Combining all of these changes would reduce costs by almost 50%.     

职业道德建设与我国卫生体制改革

本文根据<公民道德建设实施纲要>关于职业道德的基本要求,结合卫生行业实际,提出了卫生行业各部门工作人员应遵循的具体职业道德要求,并就如何通过卫生体制改革促进卫生职业道德建设提出了自己的见解.     

高等教育的两难境地--论高等教育与社会的关系

高等教育与社会之间的关系问题是一个由来已久的问题.传统大学绝对独立于社会的历史如今已不现实,也不可取,而现代大学一味适应社会的做法也将预示着大学精神的衰落.在独立与适应之间找到平衡点,既不远离社会也不迎奉社会,与现实社会保持适当距离,是高等教育在处理自身与社会现实之间错综复杂关系的一种原则和策略.     

关于高校师德建设的几点思考

论述了高校师德建设在当前中国社会主义现代化建设中的重要意义 ,指出当前高校师德建设所存在的问题 ,并且提出了加强高校师德建设的相应对策 ,认为高校师德建设应以思想建设为主 ,并辅以强有力的制度建设     

对中国劳动安全卫生保护问题的反思

近些年来,中国连续发生了一系列的重大劳动安全生产卫生事故,中国劳动安全卫生法律制度及执行过程中曝露出不少问题。要合理解决这些问题,应当正确实现政府角色定位、完善职业灾害补偿制度;兴起"零"灾害运动;尽快制定和完善相关立法等。     

社会适应与心理健康

社会适应与心理健康具有密切关系.社会适应可以解剖为社会适应的心理机制、心理结构和心理功能三个方面.分析社会适应的三个方面与心理健康的关系,可以回答三个问题:个体的社会适应是怎样影响其心理健康的?什么样的社会适应心理素质能够为心理健康提供保证?从社会适应角度看,心理健康的内在含义是什么呢?这就是关于心理健康的形成机制、保证条件和评价标准问题.