Sources of family violence

This paper suggests a direction for the exploration of the causes of family violence. Explanatory models of family violence were considered in this regard, with the recommendation that a multi-determined model should be considered to ensure the most accurate explanation. We suggest that family violence will be best understood and prevented or alleviated, if a model is used that considers the interaction of structural violence and the personality features of all the family members.     

Government Risk Management Priorities: A Comparison of the Preferences of Asian Indian Americans and Other Americans

A survey was conducted of approximately 200 Asian Indian Americans and 200 other residents of New Jersey in order to understand the risk management priorities that they want government to have. We found that Asian Indian Americans, especially younger women, focused on personal/family risks, such as alcohol and drug abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic violence. The New Jersey comparison group, in contrast, placed war/terrorism and loss of health care services and insurance at the top of their priorities for government. These results suggest stressful acculturation-related issues within the Asian Indian community. Both populations want more risk management from government than they believe government is currently providing. Respondents who wanted more from government tended to dread the risk, be fearful of the consequences, trust government, and have a feeling of personal efficacy. Within the Asian Indian American sample, wide variations were observed by language spoken at home and religious affiliation. Notably, Muslims and Hindi language speakers tended not to trust government and hence wanted less government involvement. This study supports our call for studies of recent migrant populations and Johnson's for testing ethnic identity and acculturation as factors in risk judgments.     

当代武侠电影暴力美学的渊源与特征

暴力美学主要指电影中对暴力的形式主义追求,其目的是消解暴力。受中国传统文学中暴力表达及暴力与侠义共存的江湖文化的影响,当代武侠电影显示出鲜明的暴力美学特征,主要表现为暴力的神圣化、伦理化,暴力动作的舞蹈化,暴力的浪漫化,暴力的喜剧化。当今电影创作有渲染暴力的趋势,无论从道德意义还是从美学意义讲,这都是不可取的。     

Distal and Proximal Factors in Domestic Violence: A Test of an Integrated Model

We employed 4,095 couples from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to test a model of couple violence drawn from several theoretical perspectives. The outcome distinguishes among nonviolent couples and those experiencing either physical aggression or intense male violence. According to the model, background characteristics of couples are related to relationship stressors, which affect the risk of violence via their tendency to promote verbal conflict. Considerable support for the model was found. Couples were at higher risk for one or both forms of violence if they were younger at union inception, had been together for less time, were both in their first union, had only one partner who was employed, had a nontraditional woman paired with a traditional man, had at least one partner who abused substances, had more children, had more frequent disagreements, exhibited a more hostile disagreement style, or lived in an economically disadvantaged neighborhood. Moreover, the effects of stressors such as the number of children and couples' employment status disparities appear to be mediated by disagreement frequency and disagreement style.     

元稹诗三议

本文是对元稹诗歌创作、文集流布、道德评价等问题的全面论述,既吸收了学术界已有的研究成果,又融入了我们自己的心得体会,希望有助于相关问题的进一步讨论。     

太平天国乡官的任用标准与社会功效

对太平天国乡官制度的研究,传统的阶级分析论观点过分拘泥在乡官的阶级成分上,并以此为基础判定政权的性质。其实,以历史当事人的视角去认识当时的政策,是一种更客观的研究角度。太平天国任用乡官的标准,是建立在太平天国地方行政的政治需要之上的。出于以征收粮赋为重点的传统地方行政的需要,太平天国着意与精通传统行政事务的地方名流合作。从社会功效角度来看,太平天国当局通过发挥地方人士的行政优势,很好地弥补了自身行政经验的不足,成功影响了地方政治,并有效缓冲了自身对农村社会的冲击。     

鲁迅与余华创作母题之比较

鲁迅作为二十世纪初中国现代文学的开创者和奠基者,其创作影响了以后中国很多作家。余华被认为是当代与鲁迅精神相接近的一位年轻作家。本文试图从创作母题的角度对两位作家进行比较,从他们的相同与相异中探寻作家与作家之间的距离,以及时代文化变迁在作家身上潜移默化的影响。     

恐怖主义犯罪预防对策研究

鉴于恐怖主义犯罪的严重危害性及鲜明的政治色彩，如何切实有效地防范与惩治恐怖主义犯罪已成为我国当前社会关注的焦点问题。对恐怖主义犯罪要综合运用政治、法律、宗教、民族等各种社会政策与法律政策，健全和完善反恐预防体系，标本兼治、打防结合，才是彻底根除或者至少是有效遏制或减少恐怖主义犯罪的有效手段。     

试论日军在常德会战中使用化学武器的问题

日军在侵华战争期间,无视国际公约(法),在战场上频频使用化学武器,致使众多中国军民伤亡。大量史事证明,在1943年11月初至12月底的中日常德会战中,由于日本华中派遣军在作战中多次实施毒气(弹)攻击,致使中国第六、第九战区的参战部队伤亡惨重。此战中“日军使用毒气次数之多,为抗战以来所仅见”。     

校园暴力的成因分析及预防策略探究

校园暴力看似一种个别的、简单的社会现象,其实却具有复杂的社会心理背景,它是家庭结构或功能不健全、学校管理理念落后、教师管教失当、接受大众传媒负面影响、结交不良同伴等相互作用的混合产物.对校园暴力的预防应充分运用政府、社会、学校、家庭等各方面的资源,职责明确、责任到位,形成校园暴力治理的合力,才能为青少年学生全面和谐发展提供良好的条件.