基于遗传算法的前沿生产函数构造及其应用

效率测度分析是评价企业经营管理的重要指标,其求解往往同构造前沿生产函数联系 在一起. 对采用遗传算法构造前沿生产函数进行了研究,电力工业的实证效率测度分析以及与 非参数方法的比较结果验证了本方法的正确性和实用性,可为电力工业的决策者和这一领域 的研究人员提供参考.     

项目绩效评价中挣值分析方法的优化研究

在对国际上在工程项目管理上广泛应用的挣值管理方法进行介绍的基础上,就传统挣值方法在应用中所表现出来的不足与局限性进行了分析,提出了一种结合施工计划进度网络图对工程项目绩效进行分析的方法———二级挣值分析方法。该方法能改进传统挣值法在预测工期、成本方面产生的偏差,并且与传统挣值方法相比,增加了更多的原因分析信息。     

Statutory Bodies and Performance Reporting: Hong Kong and Singapore Experience

Performance reporting involving performance indicators has been adopted by statutory bodies in Hong Kong and Singapore as a means of improving their accountability. This development has considerable promise, but how has it affected the autonomy of statutory bodies and has it benefited other stakeholders? On the bases of a questionnaire survey and a content analysis of relevant websites, this article finds that any increased operational autonomy enjoyed by statutory bodies as a result of performance reporting arrangements has had only a negligible impact on the participation of citizens in the affairs of those bodies and on their accountability to citizens.     

节点赋权网络中节点重要性的综合测度法

许多现实系统中的主体重要性测度问题可以建模为节点赋权网络中节点重要性的测度问题.在对节点赋权网络中节点重要性构成因素分析的基础上,利用节点删除的研究思想,提出节点赋权网络中节点重要性的综合测度法-CIM法;借助于图的距离矩阵的计算方法设计了CIM法的算法;最后,给出该方法在知识共享网络中的应用.     

What is child care? Lessons from time-use surveys of major English-speaking countries

This paper examines the definition and measurement of time devoted to child care in the diary-based surveys administered by the United States, Canada, Australia, and Great Britain. Detailed analysis of the relationship between measures of care activity and supervisory care in the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) illustrate the larger conceptual issues at stake.

房屋优先购买权中的利益衡量——兼论法律解释在审判实践中的作用

我国法律中有关房屋优先购买权的规定存在模糊和空白,需要运用解释方法明确法律的涵义、填补漏洞.优先购买权的规定不应一味保护承租人,也应保障所有权人的处分权和收益权.这体现在个案中对"同等条件"进行解释时,不应仅解释为价格相同,要将影响交易和价格的因素都考虑在内;裁判时不应一概判令出租人与承租人签订买卖合同,应顾及所有人的意思自由.实践中,尽管解释是法律适用必不可少的环节,但基于我国法制现状,为避免、减少法官在法律解释时的随意性,应通过最高院定期总结、公布典型判例、提供立法建议、进而完善立法的方式来规范法律解释权的行使.     

Three perspectives on the mismatch between measures of material poverty

The two most prominent measures of material poverty within contemporary European poverty analysis are low income and material deprivation. However, it is by now well‐known that these measures identify substantially different people as being poor. In this research note, I seek to demonstrate that there are at least three ways to understand the mismatch between low income and material deprivation, relating to three different forms of identification: identifying poor households, identifying groups at risk of poverty and identifying trends in material poverty over time. Drawing on data from the British Household Panel Survey, I show that while low income and material deprivation identify very different households as being poor, and display distinct trends over time, in many cases they identify the same groups at being at risk of material poverty.     

Confirmatory Validation Of The Factor Structure And Reliability Of The Sexual Risk Survey In A Large Multiuniversity Sample Of U.S. Students

Objectives: The Sexual Risk Survey (SRS) is a measure of sexual risk behavior designed to comprehensively assess sexual risk taking among college students and has been found to have good psychometric properties. However, the SRS was created and validated within a sample of U.S. Midwestern university students and the factor structure and reliability may differ in other samples. The current study expands on existing research by examining the factor structure and reliability of the SRS in a large, diverse archival data set and also provides a standardized approach to scoring the SRS. Methods: Archival data included in this study were collected from 2006 to 2013 from 5,496 university students in 16 different American academic institutions in 11 states. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original 5-factor solution described by Turchik and Garske (2009). In comparing mean subscale scores across demographic characteristics—age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and religion—a number of demographic differences were found, although most differences were small in magnitude. Internal consistency reliability for the total scale was .90, and subscale alphas ranged from .63 to .90 for the total pooled sample. Conclusions: The factor analysis supported the original five-factor scale and new information is presented regarding demographics differences. Scoring guidelines have been updated and information to assist researchers with the standardized scoring of the SRS is presented.     

基于非参数方法的银行操作风险度量

金融业全球化竞争和金融管制放松,导致商业银行面临的操作风险不断增加,操作风险已成为金融监管的焦点.因此,对商业银行和其它金融机构来说,可靠的操作风险度量正变得越来越重要.文章采用基于厚尾分布的非参数方法度量我国商业银行操作风险,给出了VaR的点估计方法和3种区间估计方法(正态近似法NA,经验似然法EL,数据倾斜法DT).此方法的优点在于不用假设操作风险损失分布,这样可以消除参数化模型设定差异而带来的估计偏差.同时,根据厚尾分布的特征,提出了新的厚尾分布样本均值求法,调整后均值更注重对尾部的描述和刻画.实证结果表明:调整后的厚尾分布样本均值大于简单算术平均值,更符合右偏厚尾的分布特征;非参数方法得到的VaR点估计和区间估计考虑了厚尾的因素,解决了传统VaR低估风险的问题,更接近真实情况;VaR 3种区间估计的方法能够提升对风险衡量的准确性,其中DT方法所得到的区间估计最为准确.     

刚性需求下个人房产税总额测度模型研究——以上海市为例

以上海市为例, 考虑购房刚性需求, 选取影响税额的因素, 得出刚性需求下个人房产税总额的测度模型。运用多元线性回归方法, 由税额影响因素组成的自变量组合共同预测因变量, 经过模型的初步分析和修正, 得到税额与影响因素之间的最优线性关系。通过测度模型发现:住宅投资、人均可支配收入、总户数和土地出让面积对个人房产税的影响效果显著;前3项因素对税额的影响效果为正, 而土地出让面积为负。上海市人均60平方米免税面积、0.6%为适用税率的个人房产税方案, 使得测度模型满足购房刚性需求;基于模型中影响因素与税额之间的作用机理, 改变供需, 即可达到调控房地产市场的目的。