《红楼梦》中刘姥姥与《堂吉诃德》中桑丘形象对比

刘姥姥和桑丘是来自两个不同地域的人物,但是他们的行为方式和思想意识又有着许多的相似点,他们身上都体现出了农民的自私狭隘,同时也表现出了农民所固有的善良品性。透过他们,可以看到那个时代的黑暗面,看到不同阶层的生活状态和贫富差距,看到底层人民的悲惨命运和上层贵族的穷奢极欲。     

Intention to Leave the Profession: Welfare Social Workers Compared to Health Care and Community Social Workers in Israel

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare specific work related-factors (personal factor: length of work experience; structural factors: personal subjection to violence and fear of being subjected to violence; and psychological factors: professional quality of life—compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue) between welfare social workers (SWs) (n = 200) and health care and community SWs (n = 173). Furthermore, since the issue of turnover among SWs has important implications for the provision and programming of social services, the study also aimed to assess the relationship between these factors and SW intention to leave the profession. For the purpose of this study, online questionnaires were distributed to SWs working at social agencies and services. The findings suggest that the two categories of SWs showed a similarity with regard to the association between the personal and structural factors and intention to leave the profession. However, with regard to the psychological factors, the components of professional quality of life were found to operate differently in each category of SWs. It is suggested that future research examine other work-related factors and explore the intention to leave the profession among other social work specializations and employment sectors.     

工人对工会的“不满”——来自湖北省三家国有汽车企业的实证研究

本研究基于对于H省三家国有汽车生产企业512名职工的问卷调查和30名管理者、工会官员和工人的半结构访谈的基础上完成.文章描述了职工对于企业工会的总体评价;职工个人特征与其对工会不同评价的关系.尽管工人中明显存在着对工会的不满,但绝大多数工人认为工会是必要的.文章讨论了职工对工会不满的表现和他们对于工会的不同期望.文章提出,仅仅将工人组织进工会是不够的,只要满足工人的期望,工人才可以真正地"保持"在工会中.     

Systemic Barriers to the Employment of Social Workers in Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Agencies

Abstract

Literature suggests a low number of social workers employed in the field of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment. This study shows that social workers with undergraduate degrees (BSWs) have higher rates of employment in AOD than bachelor's degree holders from other disciplines. Master's level social workers (MSWs), however, have a much lower involvement than their counterparts with counseling degrees. Six factors are inferred to partially explain MSWs' low involvement in the field: (1) low education requirements; (2) low pay; (3) absence of “social worker” positions; (4) competition among different disciplines; (5) lack of MSW interns; and (6) state certification requirement. Suggestions to increase the employment of social workers in the AOD field are offered.     

Sex segregation in India's formal manufacturing sector

Using an index of dissimilarity based on data from the Annual Survey of Industries for 1989/90 and 2000/01, the authors find that sex segregation across India's so‐called factory sector decreased over this period. Most of the apparent improvement, however, was due to changes in the industrial structure of employment, not desegregation per se. The index is also sensitive to the number of industries in the underlying classifications. At the national and state levels, formal job opportunities for women are effectively very limited: they are highly concentrated in a small number of traditional “women's” manufacturing industries, such as food, tobacco, apparel, weaving and spinning.     

Older workers’ employment in dynamic technology changes

Discrimination against older workers and the higher barriers for entrance to the workforce that these workers face are well documented in the literature. This situation becomes even worse when technological changes take place. In this paper the different responses of younger and older workers to those technological changes were analyzed, and it was revealed that older workers can be severely harmed when such changes occur. It was found that providing a subsidy for older workers could aid in reducing the unemployment among older workers, together with increasing growth of the economy and decreasing the inequality of income distribution.     

新生代农民工市民化问题的社会学分析

随着改革开放的不断深入，新生代农民工开始在城市化建设中发挥着日益重要的作用。从新生代农民工群体所具有的特征、市民化的表现以及在由农民向市民转变过程中所遇到的障碍等方面对新生代农民工市民化问题作以初步的探讨。     

民事诉讼代理视野下的“草根律师”制度——以成都地区为例

民事诉讼代理制度作为现代民事诉讼制度中的一项重要制度，是法律面前人人平等原则的重要体现和保障。但是在我国农村劳动力向城镇转移、劳动纠纷增多的时代背景下，我国民事诉讼代理制度日益暴露出一系列的问题。课题组通过大量的实证调研，拟从民事诉讼代理制度的基础理论出发，结合我国目前农民工维权的实际，在理论上初步构建“来自于农民工，服务于农民工”的“草根律师”制度，解决有关农民工劳动纠纷案件中的诉讼代理难的相关问题。     

解决好失业问题是构建和谐社会的必然选择

改革开放以来，在传统的计划型劳动力就业机制向新兴的市场型劳动力就业机制转变的过程中，一大批失业人员成为处手社会底层的弱势群体。正确认识这一群体的现状，并提出积极有效的解决对策，对于正确处理人民内部的利益矛盾和构建和谐社会具有一定的理论和现实意义。