影响女大学生成长的若干社会因素分析

近年来,高等教育机构中女大学生所占的比例日益增长．这要求我们对女大学生成长的特殊性及其影响因素进行更为深入的分析。基于第三期妇女社会地位调查的相关数据研究发现：我国现阶段高校教师群体的社会性别意识水平发展不均,存在着对女性能力持负面评价的现象：女大学生在参与同龄群体活动的方式上与男性存在差别;来自低收入家庭的女大学生仍然面临着向上流动的障碍。对此。建议高等教育机构对教师群体展开有针对性的性别平等培训,反思甚至重建高等教育的学习模式和氛围．并对来自低收入家庭的女大学生提供更多的社会关注和支持。     

Coronary Heart Disease and Family Functioning

Forty families of patients 60 years old and younger who had suffered from their first heart attack, drawn from five hospitals in a metropolitan area, were studied during the hospitalization, a month after discharge from hospital, and two months later. This paper explores the impact of heart disease on family functioning and examines the process of family adjustment to the crisis over a period of about four months. The impacts varied in different areas of family functioning as well as at different points in time. Family social integration was found to be the most useful resource for coping, cohesion to be of some help, and adaptability to be of little relevance. The study highlights the need for identifying, strengthening and mobilizing family social networks as part of the intervention in such crises.     

Problems with Traditional Science Publishing and Finding a Wider Niche for Post-Publication Peer Review

Science affects multiple basic sectors of society. Therefore, the findings made in science impact what takes place at a commercial level. More specifically, errors in the literature, incorrect findings, fraudulent data, poorly written scientific reports, or studies that cannot be reproduced not only serve as a burden on tax-payers’ money, but they also serve to diminish public trust in science and its findings. Therefore, there is every need to fortify the validity of data that exists in the science literature, not only to build trust among peers, and to sustain that trust, but to reestablish trust in the public and private academic sectors that are witnessing a veritable battle-ground in the world of science publishing, in some ways spurred by the rapid evolution of the open access (OA) movement. Even though many science journals, traditional and OA, claim to be peer reviewed, the truth is that different levels of peer review occur, and in some cases no, insufficient, or pseudo-peer review takes place. This ultimately leads to the erosion of quality and importance of science, allowing essentially anything to become published, provided that an outlet can be found. In some cases, predatory OA journals serve this purpose, allowing papers to be published, often without any peer review or quality control. In the light of an explosion of such cases in predatory OA publishing, and in severe inefficiencies and possible bias in the peer review of even respectable science journals, as evidenced by the increasing attention given to retractions, there is an urgent need to reform the way in which authors, editors, and publishers conduct the first line of quality control, the peer review. One way to address the problem is through post-publication peer review (PPPR), an efficient complement to traditional peer-review that allows for the continuous improvement and strengthening of the quality of science publishing. PPPR may also serve as a way to renew trust in scientific findings by correcting the literature. This article explores what is broadly being said about PPPR in the literature, so as to establish awareness and a possible first-tier prototype for the sciences for which such a system is undeveloped or weak.     

Indeed: Cost of the NSERC Science Grant Peer Review System Exceeds the Cost of Giving Every Qualified Researcher a Baseline Grant

NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) offers Discovery Grants averaging Can$30,000 to about 70% of its applicants. If the total budget for these grants were evenly divided amongst the 10,000 people qualified to apply, the average grant size would be Can$41,000. The additional costs of writing and reviewing grant applications in our previous analysis only serve to accentuate the loss of funds that could otherwise be spent on the research itself. Baseline grants for the early stages of research, to all qualified researchers, would significantly enhance innovation of Canadian scientists.     

Stability and Preference Alignment in Matching and Coalition Formation

We study matching and coalition formation environments allowing complementarities and peer effects. Agents have preferences over coalitions, and these preferences vary with an underlying, and commonly known, state of nature. Assuming that there is substantial variability of preferences across states of nature, we show that there exists a core stable coalition structure in every state if and only if agents' preferences are pairwise‐aligned in every state. This implies that there is a stable coalition structure if agents' preferences are generated by Nash bargaining over coalitional outputs. We further show that all stability‐inducing rules for sharing outputs can be represented by a profile of agents' bargaining functions and that agents match assortatively with respect to these bargaining functions. This framework allows us to show how complementarities and peer effects overturn well known comparative statics of many‐to‐one matching.     

关于提升英语教学形成性评价信度的思考

在英语教学中,应用形成性评价对学生课业进行合理、科学的测评是任课教师通常采用的手段。通过分析形成性评价的3种形式,即学生自评、学生互评和教师评价,指出学生自评与他评结果的信度和效度取决于学生个体的诚实程度,评价标准的不一致以及外部的功利性驱动是影响形成性评价信度的主要因素,进而提出建立学生诚信记录档案,建立评价标准的学生参与机制和动态管理机制以及建立形成性评价与外在的大型测评得分的相关性分析机制等对形成性评价信度影响因素进行修正的建议。     

自然科学知识的积累对电子元器件产业发展的影响

假设研究活动存在与产品生命周期中的市场扩大现象相似的活跃化现象,按照时间序列对电子元器件领域的评审论文篇数和注册专利件数的增减情况进行了分析。由分析结果可知:在市场真正产生前,评审论文篇数和注册专利件数剧增;同时,在这些剧增的论文和专利中,有很多研究给商品化和商业化带来了巨大影响。这些与商品化和商业化有关的信息,不仅包括对产品制造业有用的信息,而且还包括对支撑产品制造业的设备产业同样有用的信息。因此,将本分析法作为考量新事业进入机会的客观方法推荐给大家。     

国外人文社科研究趋势及成果评价制度比较——以美欧日为例

通过对当前国外人文社科研究发展趋势分析,对美欧日等国成果评价制度进行比较,以期启迪我国人文社科发展,为健全成果评价制度提供经验借鉴。通过分析比较,提出以改进考核方式、完善成果评价体系和建立健全小同行评议专家库等措施,来完善我国人文社科成果评价制度。     

“同伴教育”方法在大学生生殖健康教育中的本土化应用——以广州大学为例

同伴教育方法在大学生开展生殖健康教育中的本土化应用非常必要。在设计了本土化教案后,将所有参加实验的学生以班为单位分成对照组、通用教案组、本土化教案组,三组之间进行比较,认为：（1）对照组和通用教案组、本土教案组在性态度、观念、艾滋病常识、行为意向方面有显著差异,证明同伴教育对大学生生殖健康教育行之有效;（2）通用教案组和本土化教案组在学生的态度、观念、知识等方面的效果没有显著差异,但在行为意向方面,本土化教案效果显著优于通用教案。说明本土化设计更有利于对学生的行为指引,在应用同伴教育这一外来方法时,应该结合本地具体情况做必要的修改。     

注重组稿和审稿提高学报质量

组稿是保证稿源的重要条件,也是保证稿件质量的重要环节,同时亦是发现作者和培养编辑的重要途径;而审稿则是保证学报学术质量的关键。重视组稿和审稿,对提高学报质量有着极其重要的意义。