Malaria in Pacific populations: seen but not heard?

Most Pacific Island countries are located in the tropics, where there is an abundance of mosquitoes with the potential to carry debilitating or life-threatening vector-borne diseases. This article examines three Melanesian countries in which malaria is endemic—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu—but the threat posed by the spread of malaria gives the issues a broader significance to the Pacific region. After discussing the spatial distribution and prevalence of malaria in the Pacific, the article examines a number of health interventions through which people have sought to control malaria. Although the disease was nearly eradicated in the Pacific in the 1970s, it is no longer in retreat. The article concludes by examining why there are still grounds for cautious optimism, and the challenges that Pacific Island countries face in reducing the impact of malaria on their populations. There is a need for prompt and concerted action on malaria at the national, regional and international levels if the public health concerns arising from the disease are to be adequately addressed.     

Soy protein based supplementation supports metabolic effects of resistance training in previously untrained middle aged males

Abstract

Objective.?To determine changes in body composition, physical performance, metabolic and hormonal parameters induced by lifestyle counselling, resistance training and resistance training with soy protein based supplemention in middle aged males.

Design.?Randomised controlled study consisting of resistance training without (RT-G) or with (RTS-G) a soy protein based supplement and a control group with lifestyle education only (LE-G).

Subjects.?Forty healthy middle aged men (50–65 years, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²).

Measurements.?Changes in body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) were measured and body composition (BC), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) were measured by skin fold anthropometry at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. In addition, changes in physical fitness, metabolic and hormonal parameters (lipids, glucose, fructosamines, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, Leptin, human growth hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, hs-CRP, Il-6) were evaluated.

Results.?Thirty-five participants completed the 12 week study. No significant changes in BW were noted although RM and WC dropped and LBM increased after training, particularly in the RTS group (FM 22.6?±?5.5?kg to 21.2?±?4.7?kg; LBM 68.5?±?7.2?kg to 70.1?±?7.4; p?<?0.01). Subjects in the RTS group experienced more pronounced improvements in the strength measurements than the RT group. After the training intervention there were significant changes in hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as in glycemic control, particularly in the RTS group.

Conclusions.?Our data suggest that resistance training, particularly in combination with a soy protein based supplement improves body composition and metabolic function in middle aged untrained and moderately overweight males.     

"个人化"写作与市场消费

"个人化"写作是20世纪90年代文学的一个关键词.它意味着以个人的姿态反抗集体意识形态的宏大叙事,为主体独立和人性自由赢得了一定的美学空间.同时,它专注于个体私人经验和欲望体验的表达,无可避免地堕入了文学自恋的泥潭,又在一定程度上迎合了市场运作的消费规则.     

社会规范学习中的逆反心理成因解析

在社会规范学习中 ,学习者常常会表现出与接受相反的状态 ,逆反心理作为这种背离倾向的典型 ,已成了一种不容回避的客观事实。但是 ,逆反心理的产生并不是凭空的 ,个性差异形成了逆反心理产生的内部依据 ,教育则构成了逆反心理产生的外部条件。所以 ,教育工作者应以积极的态度对学生的逆反心理加以引导 ,做到因人而异、因材施教 ,充分发挥出逆反心理的求异创新、开拓进取的一面 ,克服其不利的一面。     

T型非线性电阻网络功率转移图的图解法

本文论述了利用非线性电阻的伏安特性，作出T型非线性电阻网络中任一元件的功率转移图的图解法．     

Peasants and Swedes: the making of a Habsburg nightmare in Early Modern Austria

The analysis of confessional conflict in early modern Austria has often focused on nobles and townspeople. To get the full picture, however, it is essential to integrate the rural core into the analysis. In the Habsburg domains, the dynasty’s resolve to uphold or subsequently re-establish the old faith antagonized large sectors of the populace. This occurred in the early phase of the Reformation, when a broad diversity of reformist thought influenced peasant activism. Yet it also returned at a later stage of Austrian confessionalization, when a reinvigorated church and dynasty had begun to roll back the advances of the new creed. During its final period in the midst of the Thirty Years’ War, Austrian peasants even sympathized with the Habsburgs’ international adversaries, personified above all by Sweden’s King Gustavus II Adolphus. These confrontations between monarchy and commoners form the centrepiece of this essay. By demonstrating both the potential and the limits of peasant agency, the article throws new light on the nature of Austrian society during the confessional era.     

Social rights and social resistance: opportunism, anarchism and the welfare state

This conceptually oriented paper adopts a critical perspective on the question of social rights and asks whether, in contemporary circumstances, claims to social welfare based on rights can provide a meaningful basis for social resistance to poverty or oppression. Past approaches to the question of rights as a means of resistance are characterised as either opportunistic or anarchistic. Opportunistic approaches give rise to ameliorative compromise, anarchistic approaches to nihilistic or inherently hopeless struggle. Nonetheless, it is argued, it is possible to conceptualise rights to social welfare in ways that do not obscure the basis of social exploitation and that do project human need as the basis for social resistance.     

Demographic and Organizational Variables That Affect Southeastern College and University Student Health Promotion

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between demographic and organizational variables and college student health promotion efforts. Two hundred and forty-one college administrators from 14 southern states were surveyed to determine factors that may affect college student health promotion programming. Enrollment, tuition, affiliation, and highest degree offered were the demographic variables that were examined. The organizational variables were goals, control, motivation, interaction, and decision making. The methods of gathering information regarding student health problems, the kinds of health promotion programs offered, the methods of publicizing the programs, and the extent of student participation in health promotion programs were the dependent variables.

The statistical tests for the effects of the demographic and organizational variables on student health promotion efforts indicate that a relationship does exist. Combined multiple regression analysis equations that include all of the organizational variables demonstrated graphically the effects of interaction among the independent organizational variables and the dependent variables. These combined equations were better predictors of student health promotion programs and services than any of the organizational variables taken separately. Future studies of the factors that affect student participation in health promotion programs, the extent of student participation, and the effects of a student participation should be conducted.     

沉沦和反抗——郁达夫小说的身体言说

作为一个浪漫主义作家.郁达夫为文坛贡献了一批优秀的文学作品,并赢得了一个时代的青年们的共鸣.历来,人们多是用颓废一词来形容郁达夫的风格.论文通过分析他独特的言说方式--身体言说,从疾病、性和死亡三个方面来说明:郁达夫的言说方式在风格上成就了他的沉沦和颓废,但在本质上完成了他的反叛.他在对自我欲望的真实而大胆的剖白中完成一个失望苦闷的时代青年对祖国沉沦的反抗诉求.