农业产业化是我国农业发展的必由之路

农业产业化作为市场经济条件下发展农业的一种主张,引起我国理论界和经济界的广泛关注和讨论.本文从我国的农业现状出发,对我国实施农业产业化的必然性和可行性进行了论证,从而证明农业产业化是我国农业发展的必然选择.同时简要回顾我国农业产业化的发展历程,指出其存在问题,并提出对策,以期农业产业化在我国健康发展.     

中介组织主导型市场农业体制探索——立论依据、概念界定及理论分析

我国农业市场化的关键问题是如何将规模过小且过于分散的农户组织起来,实现与千变万化的大市场之间有效接轨.要解决这一关键问题,必须实行中介组织主导型市场农业体制.中介组织主导型市场农业体制是指农业社会分工的协调以及交易的进行由中介组织来主导的一种市场农业运行模式.制度经济学、产业经济学和生产力经济学的分析表明,这一体制在理论上是可行的,具有合理性.     

解放思想观念,加强科技创新进一步深化农业科技体制改革

加强科技管理与创新 ,深化农业科技体制改革 ,施行研究主体和产业实体并存发展 ,大力培育农业科技企业 ,合理配置农业科技生产要素 ,完善以质效评价为核心的评价体系 ,建立面向社会、适应市场的农业科技管理新机制 ,对促进农业科技进步和生产力的发展具有决定性的作用     

我国城镇养老保险存在的问题及对策探析

文章认为 ,我国城镇养老保险虽取得了很大的成绩 ,但还存在着诸多问题 ,作者对这些问题进行探讨和分析 ,并提出了切实可行的解决对策     

Significant Factors of Aviation Insurance and Risk Management Strategy: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Airline Carriers

Aviation insurance premiums have become a heavy burden for the airline industry since September 11, 2001. Although the industry must constantly balance its operations between profitability and safety, the reality is that airlines are in the business of making money. Therefore, their ability to reduce cost and manage risk is a key factor for success. Unlike past research, which used subjective judgment methods, this study applied quantitative historical data (1999–2000) and gray relation analysis to identify the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance premiums. An empirical study of six airlines in Taiwan was conducted to determine these factors and to analyze the management strategies used to deal with them. Results showed that the loss experience and performance of individual airlines were the key elements associated with aviation insurance premiums paid by each airline. By identifying and understanding the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance, airlines will better understand their relative operational strengths and weaknesses, and further help top management identify areas for further improvement. Knowledge of these factors combined with effective risk management strategies, may result in lower premiums and operating costs for airline companies.     

Implied Preference for Seismic Design Level and Earthquake Insurance

Seismic risk can be reduced by implementing newly developed seismic provisions in design codes. Furthermore, financial protection or enhanced utility and happiness for stakeholders could be gained through the purchase of earthquake insurance. If this is not so, there would be no market for such insurance. However, perceived benefit associated with insurance is not universally shared by stakeholders partly due to their diverse risk attitudes. This study investigates the implied seismic design preference with insurance options for decisionmakers of bounded rationality whose preferences could be adequately represented by the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). The investigation is focused on assessing the sensitivity of the implied seismic design preference with insurance options to model parameters of the CPT and to fair and unfair insurance arrangements. Numerical results suggest that human cognitive limitation and risk perception can affect the implied seismic design preference by the CPT significantly. The mandatory purchase of fair insurance will lead the implied seismic design preference to the optimum design level that is dictated by the minimum expected lifecycle cost rule. Unfair insurance decreases the expected gain as well as its associated variability, which is preferred by risk-averse decisionmakers. The obtained results of the implied preference for the combination of the seismic design level and insurance option suggest that property owners, financial institutions, and municipalities can take advantage of affordable insurance to establish successful seismic risk management strategies.     

新形势下农资价格大幅上涨对“三农”的影响分析

文章首先以湖北省襄樊市的调研数据为依据对此次农资价格整体变动情况作了说明，紧接着对本轮农资价格大幅上涨的深层次原因、趋势及其对“三农”的影响作了深入剖析。结果表明，农资生产原料价格的迅猛上涨是此次农资价格上涨的导火索与根本推动力量，农资上涨基本上冲销了中央一系列惠农政策带给农民的实惠，使农民的种粮积极性遭受很大挫伤。最后从放开价格、加强宏观调控、改变补贴方式、健全营销网络、完善储备制度、加强市场监管及监测等方面提出政策建议。     

论政府在农村社会养老保险制度中的财政责任

政府财政责任的缺失严重制约了我国农村社会养老保险制度的发展。从理论上分析并探讨政府应在农村社会养老保险制度中承担相应的财政责任，在介绍国际上典型国家农村社会养老保险制度中的财政责任经验的基础上，提出了重构我国政府在农村社会养老保险制度中的财政责任。     

我国医疗社会保险的体系及存在问题

随着中国加入WTO ,社会保障事业开始与世界接轨。其中的一个重要问题就是社会医疗保险制度的改革及确立。在建立和完善社会医疗保险制度的过程中 ,遇到很多问题 ,还有很多内容需要从理论和实践两方面进行探索。     

Deposit Insurance,Institutions, and Bank Interest Rates

Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector.