2MTO,a new mapping tool to achieve lean benefits in high-variety low-volume job shops

This paper proposes the ‘Mapping Tool for Make-To-Order companies’ (2MTO), a new approach to map, analyse and achieve lean benefits in high-variety-low-volume job shops. The focus is, mainly, on the transitional phase from push to pull, when there is a compelling need to acquire a deep understanding of the current state of the system under analysis. Sometimes, in this initial phase, a pure pull approach cannot be developed and a job shop configuration must be maintained. If so, 2MTO allows selecting a suitable hybrid Production Planning and Control system to control Work-In-Process and to limit lead times, so as to quickly achieve lean benefits, without significantly altering the original layout. 2MTO is fully explained making reference to an Italian precision mechanic company, where the application of the method led to a successful implementation of a Workload Control system.     

Sensitivity Analysis,Dominant Factors,and Robustness of the ECETOC TRA v3, Stoffenmanager 4.5, and ART 1.5 Occupational Exposure Models

Occupational exposure modeling is widely used in the context of the E.U. regulation on the registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals (REACH). First tier tools, such as European Centre for Ecotoxicology and TOxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) targeted risk assessment (TRA) or Stoffenmanager, are used to screen a wide range of substances. Those of concern are investigated further using second tier tools, e.g., Advanced REACH Tool (ART). Local sensitivity analysis (SA) methods are used here to determine dominant factors for three models commonly used within the REACH framework: ECETOC TRA v3, Stoffenmanager 4.5, and ART 1.5. Based on the results of the SA, the robustness of the models is assessed. For ECETOC, the process category (PROC) is the most important factor. A failure to identify the correct PROC has severe consequences for the exposure estimate. Stoffenmanager is the most balanced model and decision making uncertainties in one modifying factor are less severe in Stoffenmanager. ART requires a careful evaluation of the decisions in the source compartment since it constitutes ～75% of the total exposure range, which corresponds to an exposure estimate of 20–22 orders of magnitude. Our results indicate that there is a trade off between accuracy and precision of the models. Previous studies suggested that ART may lead to more accurate results in well‐documented exposure situations. However, the choice of the adequate model should ultimately be determined by the quality of the available exposure data: if the practitioner is uncertain concerning two or more decisions in the entry parameters, Stoffenmanager may be more robust than ART.     

“性别预算”的策略框架与评估分析工具：国外的经验

近20年来,性别预算不仅成为国际社会的实际行动,而且在理论上提出了一系列策略框架与评估分析工具,且形成相对完整的体系。就性别预算的策略框架而言,其内在体系与结构包括：三向分类法、五步法、对预算周期的阶段性分析框架,以及性别预算三阶段分析过程。而性别预算的评估工具则包括支出的分析与收入的分析。对支出的分析工具包括：DianeElson开发的六个工具,即“六维分析法”、BASS研究法、成本计算方法与能力方法。对收入的分析工具相对较少．主要包括：直接税的分析、间接税的分析、使用费分析以及其他收入分析。     

复杂快变环境下的整体性应变工具:和谐主题

和谐主题是和谐管理理论中用于应对现代组织管理复杂性、整体性及快速应变需求的核心概念之一。围绕复杂快变环境下组织如何进行整体性快速应变这一管理难题,对现有和谐主题相关研究进行了拓展。具体而言,首先对和谐主题的本质属性进行了深入分析,得出和谐主题在本质上体现为组织领导者对不确定情境的"意义"主张的研究结论。在此基础上,通过与其他组织要素的比较,系统阐释了和谐主题的功能特征,提出和谐主题是复杂快变环境下组织进行整体性快速应变的一种有效工具。最后,以知识理论为基础对和谐主题的辨识与表征过程进行了考察,从而从知识学视角揭示了这2个过程的内在机理。一方面从理论上丰富了战略管理领域的相关研究,另一方面也为新经济环境下的组织管理实践提供了参考与借鉴。     

碳税的内涵、效应与中国碳税总体框架研究

碳税是基于激励的价格型碳减排政策工具,是使外部性内在化的庇古税。碳税能有效地减少二氧化碳排放,虽在短期内抑制经济增长,但中长期将有利于经济的健康发展。它能降低能源消耗,改变能源消费结构,但会扩大资本与劳动的收入分配差距。中国在碳税设计时,应以二氧化碳估算排放量为计税依据,采用定额税率,从量计征,开征之初实行每吨二氧化碳20元的低税率,以后渐次提高;同时,建立完善的减免与返还机制,注重与其他税种及其他碳减排政策工具的相互协调,以形成合力。     

可调V形块在轴类零件检测装置中的应用

对大批量轴类零件外径形位公差的检测,采用传统的方法调节计量量具费时费力。该检测装置通过旋转手轮,来调节V形块的高度,使零件的外圆与检测量具接触,完成不同外径零件的检测工作。检测装置结构简单,调整方便,可适用于多品种、大批量的外圆类零件的测量,有很大的推广价值。     

桁架结构工作台的性能研究

利用SolidWorks软件实现了桁架结构工作台及加强筋板工作台的三维建模,将模型导入到ANSYS Workbench软件中。用ANSYS Workbench软件对2工作台的静态、模态、谐响应进行有限元分析,得出桁架结构工作台静、动态性能优于加强筋板工作台的特点,为机床的优化设计和再制造设计打下了基础。     

基于C 的电火花机床PMLSM驱动二次开发及性能测定

根据电火花加工的动作特点,对已有的PMLSM 电机的伺服驱动器进行二次开发,即利用MSComm通信控件对伺服驱动器进行控制,同时开发了控制界面。利用开发的系统进行了试运行,并对永磁直线同步电动机（PMLSM ）直线驱动装置进行了定位精度和重复定位精度测试,结果表明PMLSM直接驱动具有非常高的定位精度与重复定位精度,最后分析了影响精度指标的原因及改进方法。     

"礼器"的文化阐释

郑玄、孔颖达等训诂大师皆将《礼记·礼器》篇名及篇首“礼器”之语诠释为“礼能使人成器”。这种解释与孔子“君子不器”的哲学命题相悖 ;孔子和儒家认为人乃“天地之心” ,礼是人治国、修身之器 ,故“礼器”不得解释为“礼能使人成器” ;儒家坚信一个真正的君子不能仅有一器之用 ,而应该成为博学通才。“礼器”当为古汉语判断句式 ,意思是“礼是器具” ,可以理解为“礼是人修身之器”。     

浅谈李清照词的语言特色

李清照的词总体风格婉约清丽,流转如珠,音韵谐美,同时又于婉约中兼具豪放,反映出婉约派在时代激流中的变化与发展。本文从口语、炼字、叠字、白描等几个方面谈谈李清照词的语言特色。