Nonparametric Estimation of the Number of Drug Users in Hong Kong Using Repeated Multiple Lists

We update a previous approach to the estimation of the size of an open population when there are multiple lists at each time point. Our motivation is 35 years of longitudinal data on the detection of drug users by the Central Registry of Drug Abuse in Hong Kong. We develop a two‐stage smoothing spline approach. This gives a flexible and easily implemented alternative to the previous method which was based on kernel smoothing. The new method retains the property of reducing the variability of the individual estimates at each time point. We evaluate the new method by means of a simulation study that includes an examination of the effects of variable selection. The new method is then applied to data collected by the Central Registry of Drug Abuse. The parameter estimates obtained are compared with the well known Jolly–Seber estimates based on single capture methods.     

老龄化背景下社会养老服务体系需求研究 ——以滁州市为例

已有的以“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为支撑”的社会养老服务体系实际运行中未达到预期效果,存在目标人群模糊, 核心功能不清等问题。通过滁州市居民养老服务需求的调查,构建需求=意愿×能力的模式,研究老人养老服务意愿,支付养 老服务的能力,提出以照护为核心,在居家养老基础上对空巢、独居老人加强社区综合平台的作用,突出高龄、失能、半失能老 人机构养老的支撑作用,引进社会力量,以满足老年人群多样化多层次需求     

Choosing summary statistics by least angle regression for approximate Bayesian computation

Bayesian statistical inference relies on the posterior distribution. Depending on the model, the posterior can be more or less difficult to derive. In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in complex settings where the likelihood is analytically intractable. In such situations, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) provides an attractive way of carrying out Bayesian inference. For obtaining reliable posterior estimates however, it is important to keep the approximation errors small in ABC. The choice of an appropriate set of summary statistics plays a crucial role in this effort. Here, we report the development of a new algorithm that is based on least angle regression for choosing summary statistics. In two population genetic examples, the performance of the new algorithm is better than a previously proposed approach that uses partial least squares.     

不同城市的房价是否具有相同的人口集聚效应——基于35个大中城市PVAR模型的实证分析

人口集聚会引起房价上涨,但不同类型的城市由于集聚人口的教育程度不同,房价上涨也具有不同的效应。首先建立人口流动理论模型分析人口集聚对房价上涨的影响,然后通过建立房价、人口集聚、房地产投资和人均可支配收入的PVAR模型进行实证分析。结论表明,一类城市人口集聚对房价上涨具有正效应,二类城市为平效应,三类城市为负效应;三类城市的房价上涨主要是房地产投资和人均收入提高所推动的。     

福建省“十一五”期间人口变化与人力资源供给分析

人口预测和人力资源供给分析是为了适应社会经济发展的客观需要而提出的,它们未来的发展状况,对于一个地区的社会经济的发展影响深远。在对福建省"十五"期间人口与人力资源状况分析的基础上,对福建省"十一五"期间人口与人力资源状况进行初步预测,旨在为福建省制定未来的社会经济发展战略提供人口统计上的数据依据。     

Reconstruction of populations by stochastic optimization: Sensitivity analysis

The reconstruction of populations by stochastic optimization solves the nontrivial problem of finding demographic flows from population registers or vital statistics and censuses, if available. These flows allow the reconstruction of stocks (age pyramids and vital statistics). After a review of reconstruction methods, the sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the method by stochastic optimization to flawed or missing values, to the length of the reconstruction period, and to variations in the actual demographic flows.     

计划生育工作新机制与人口管理科学的发展

计划生育工作新机制反映了人口管理科学的发展。回顾人口管理学的发展历史,研究我国计划生育工作从旧机制转向新机制,与人口管理科学从传统走向现代的密切联系,积极推动人口管理科学的进一步发展。     

从2010年美国人口普查数据看当前美国种族关系现状

进入21世纪后,美国人口结构发生了巨大的变化,2010年人口普查数据显示出美国正处在人口发展的历史转折点,少数族裔人口增加,拉美裔成为美国第一大少数族裔。与此同时,白人不仅人口数量增长缓慢,而且老龄化严重。这种人口结构的变化将对美国政治、社会、文化等方面产生巨大的影响。年轻人是国家的未来,少数族裔年轻人(18岁以下),尤其是拉美裔青年人数的增加,将给美国的教育和经济发展等带来新的问题和挑战,而且他们的投票取向也将直接影响到政治版图的变化,这种影响将随着他们的成长和进入社会,逐步显现出来。     

A Pastoral Understanding of Positive Aging

Abstract

Positive aging may be more dependent on spiritual well-being than physical capacity. Understanding the spiritual perspective derives from the dichotomy between the “perceptual” and the “spiritual” realms of human awareness. Awareness of spiritual process in relationship to positive aging may also offer counseling additional challenges and opportunities, including: a balanced perspective on life issues, a sense of humor, counter-factual thinking, internal strengths and resources for growing through life losses and crises, and compensation skills that focus on current capacity and chosen pathways rather than dwelling on lost abilities.     

The Effects of Nursing Home Placement on the Perceived Levels of Caregiver Burden

Providing care for an aging parent can be one of the most fulfilling life experiences for an adult child. It can also be one of the most exhausting physically, emotionally, and financially. A caregiver experiences psychological and emotional changes when their dependent parent or spouse is placed into formal care. This research project uses the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, amended with a questionnaire, in a self-administered, anonymous survey to explore perceptions of caregiving burden before and after the nursing home placement periods. This research showed that numerous factors influence caregivers' perceptions of burden and the quality of relationships among family members.