Reflections on Meanings and Applications of Social Justice

SUMMARY

This article conveys the author's personal thoughts, views, reflections, experiences, and observations about social justice. As a value and ideal, it is what social workers and activists work toward. As a goal and result, it is an unfinished product in most organizations, institutions, communities, and societies.     

构建中国相对独立的量刑程序

独立量刑程序如何在我国刑事诉讼法中生长并发挥效用，是一个值得各方参与探讨的问题。英美法系国家定罪和量刑程序的分离模式对我国量刑专门程序的构建有重要的借鉴价值，结合我国刑事审判实际及量刑程序缺失的现状，吸收和借鉴英关法系国家先进做法，构建中国相对独立的量刑程序，具有很强的可行性和必要性。     

A subset selection procedure for multinomial distributions

A subset selection procedure is developed for selecting a subset containing the multinomial population that has the highest value of a certain linear combination of the multinomial cell probabilities; such population is called the ‘best’. The multivariate normal large sample approximation to the multinomial distribution is used to derive expressions for the probability of a correct selection, and for the threshold constant involved in the procedure. The procedure guarantees that the probability of a correct selection is at least at a pre-assigned level. The proposed procedure is an extension of Gupta and Sobel's [14] selection procedure for binomials and of Bakir's [2] restrictive selection procedure for multinomials. One illustration of the procedure concerns population income mobility in four countries: Peru, Russia, South Africa and the USA. Analysis indicates that Russia and Peru fall in the selected subset containing the best population with respect to income mobility from poverty to a higher-income status. The procedure is also applied to data concerning grade distribution for students in a certain freshman class.     

Designing selection experiments with bernoulli populations

This paper is concerned with a fixed size subset selection problem for Bernoulli populations in the framework of the indifference zone approach. The goal is to select s populationswhich contain at least c of those with the t largest success probabilities. In order to control the probability of correct selection over the preference zone extensive tables of exact minimum sample sizes have been prepared to implement the single-stage procedure generalized from the well-known Sobel-Huyett procedure. It is shown how the tables can also be employed to design certain closedsequential procedures. These procedures curtail the sampling process of the single-stage procedureand may differ in their sampling rules. Two procedures working with play-the-winner rules are described in detail     

控制犯罪与保障人权双重视野下的侦查程序的改革与完善——以公安机关的侦查活动为视角

控制犯罪与保障人权,是现代刑事司法活动的基本价值取向。现行《刑事诉讼法》及修正后的《刑事诉讼法》在控制犯罪和保障人权的价值平衡方面存在不足,主要表现在：程序设计上权力运行的失衡;错误拘留国家赔偿制度的掣肘;部分特殊立法缺失;立案、拘留、逮捕、讯问、搜查和扣押措施执行不规范。其主要原因是：立法层面——立法理念有失偏颇;体制层面——侦查权力配置上的错位;机制方面——警力配置及警察权利保护不足。应从修改完善《刑事诉讼法》、增加特别立法以及制定完善公安机关部门规章、规定三个方面入手。     

诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制之探——以和谐社会为语境

完整回顾了诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制的发展经历,科学归纳了诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制的多元类型,客观分析了盲目试点非法定衔接机制、过量适用诉讼主动型衔接机制、过多设置强制型衔接机制、非强制型衔接机制分流案件效果亟待提高等诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制的现实缺陷,并在此基础上,重点提出了充分响应实践需求、科学总结研究成果、创新诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制的具体形式、继续提升诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制的立法品格等极具现实意义的诉讼与非诉讼衔接机制完善层面的具体路径。     

Nonparametric multiple comparison procedures for unbalanced one-way factorial designs

In this paper, we present several nonparametric multiple comparison (MC) procedures for unbalanced one-way factorial designs. The nonparametric hypotheses are formulated by using normalized distribution functions and the comparisons are carried out on the basis of the relative treatment effects. The proposed test statistics take the form of linear pseudo rank statistics and the asymptotic joint distribution of the pseudo rank statistics for testing treatments versus control satisfies the multivariate totally positive of order two condition irrespective of the correlations among the rank statistics. Therefore, in the context of MCs of treatments versus control, the nonparametric Simes test is validated for the global testing of the intersection hypothesis. For simultaneous testing of individual hypotheses, the nonparametric Hochberg stepup procedure strongly controls the familywise type I error rate asymptotically. With regard to all pairwise comparisons, we generalize various single-step and stagewise procedures to perform comparisons on the relative treatment effects. To further compare with normal theory counterparts, the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the nonparametric MC procedures with respect to the parametric MC procedures are derived under a sequence of Pitman alternatives in a nonparametric location shift model for unbalanced one-way layouts. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to demonstrate the validity and power of the proposed nonparametric MC procedures.     

Semiparametric estimation for the dispersion parameter in the analysis of over- or underdispersed count data

This paper investigates several semiparametric estimators of the dispersion parameter in the analysis of over- or underdispersed count data when there is no likelihood available. In the context of estimating the dispersion parameter, we consider the double-extended quasi-likelihood (DEQL), the pseudo-likelihood and the optimal quadratic estimating (OQE) equations method and compare them with the maximum likelihood method, the method of moments and the extended quasi-likelihood through simulation study. The simulation study shows that the estimator based on the DEQL has superior bias and efficiency property for moderate and large sample size, and for small sample size the estimator based on the OQE equations outperforms the other estimators. Three real-life data sets arising in biostatistical practices are analyzed, and the findings from these analyses are quite similar to what are found from the simulation study.     

我国城管执法中存在的问题分析——崔英杰案反映出的行政法问题

崔英杰案中,法院不正确地回避了崔是否有妨害公务罪的问题。从行政法上看,城管定位模糊,不是严格意义上适格的行政主体;执法权限与其他行政主体的权限多有交叉,范围不确定;在执法程序上没有严格遵守法律的明文规定,存在瑕疵。这些问题不仅是个案,而有着深刻的背景。需要制定城管执法的专门法规,对城管的主体身份和权限做出明确规定,使之严格依照法定程序行使权力。     

死刑赦免:限制死刑的一种新选择

死刑赦免制度,是指核准死刑的判决、裁定生效后,如果该罪犯确有悔改或者立功表现,或者具有法律规定的其他特定条件,应当停止死刑命令的执行,并且依法定程序报告最高人民法院,由最高人民法院发布死刑赦免令,赦免其死刑而改判其他刑罚的制度。这一制度的建立,可以消除我国刑事诉讼程序中的若干矛盾,也有利于进一步贯彻"少杀、慎杀"的死刑政策,有利于避免错杀,同时也能够更好地履行我国的国际义务。