基于并行工程的新产品开发项目管理模式研究

新产品开发的项目管理模式可以克服新产品开发组织上的分散性,降低新产品开发失败的风险,缩短新产品开发的周期,降低产品研发费用。并行工程在新产品开发中的应用能够提高产品质量,降低产品成本和缩短开发周期。从两者的共同点出发,将并行工程与企业新产品开发项目管理相结合,继而构建出基于并行工程的新产品开发的项目管理模式,其目的是集成项目管理和并行工程二者的优势,同时建立一个企业新产品开发较规范的创新模式,以帮助企业尽快提高新产品开发的能力,建立竞争优势。     

产品设计的行为导向模式研究

长久以来,用器物文化规范社会秩序,引导人们行为都是社会发展的主题。但随着工业化大生产和以追求销售为目的的商业设计的出现,产品设计的行为导向问题受到了忽略。该文从研究日常行为,引导积极的行为,克服不良行为,创造新行为,形成设计文化,实现行为导向功能的可持续发展等方面对生活中常见的一些产品设计进行了实例分析。以探究如何设计产品来引导积极的行为、情感效应和避免消极的负面行为的发生。     

A relation for the covariances of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed random variables

We derive a simple relation satisfied by the covariances of order statistics in the i.i.d. case and then generalize it to the case when the variables are independent and non-identically distributed. This relation could be employed successfully either to check the calculations or to reduce the amount of direct computations involved in evaluating the covariances of order statistics from an outlier model.     

Intra-industry diversification effects under firm-specific contingencies on the demand side

How do firm-specific, demand-related factors influence the relationship between intra-industry diversification (IID) and performance? Recent findings regarding the performance effects of IID depict a complex picture with curvilinear relationships and several contingencies. However, firm-specific contingencies on the demand side have remained unexplored. We analyze how IID relates to firm performance (market share) in the German automotive industry using panel data between 1999 and 2008. We specifically focus on a firm's high-quality brand image as a demand-side contingency. We find support for our hypotheses of complex curvilinear relationships as well as for moderating effects of brand quality. Our results have significant theoretical implications for the IID literature.     

More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

基于交通量风险的PPP交通项目再融资产品设计

交通PPP项目的投资大、风险高。政府作为发起方,需要为项目提供担保以吸引社会资本方的参与,但过度依赖政府担保意味着：一旦发生数额较大的债务违约将会给财政造成巨大的负担,因此有必要谋求适宜的市场化融资渠道。为了协调PPP项目相关者的利益,本文在项目收益债的基础上嵌入了与项目未来收益挂钩的或有条款,并运用结构化方法中的Merton模型在风险中性情景下对融资产品进行了定价。最后,以某PPP交通项目为例,进行了具体的融资产品设计,计算了相应的产品价格和风险价差,并对某些关键条款进行了敏感性分析,结果表明该产品能够在有效减轻政府担保的基础上降低融资成本。     

在线评论的行为影响与价值应用研究综述

随着社交网络的发展,大量用户生成的在线评论影响着消费者的行为,同时被应用于企业的经营管理活动,引起市场营销、信息系统、产品开发等领域学者们的广泛关注,取得很大的研究进展。但是在线评论的研究范围广泛,目前并没有系统性的概念框架,缺乏对在线评论的全局认识。因此,本文尝试从行为影响和价值应用两个层面对在线评论研究文献进行全面总结,并结合当前的技术发展和市场环境,探讨在线评论研究的未来趋势。     

多主体参与的绿色技术创新系统均衡及稳定性

构建由政府、企业和消费者组成的绿色技术创新系统演化博弈模型,分析了不同情形下参与主体策略选择对系统均衡策略影响的演化过程,并借助系统动力学实验方法进行了实验模拟论证。研究发现：（1）在绿色技术创新演化博弈系统所有可能的均衡策略中,只存在三个稳定的均衡策略,其中,绿色产品消费的经济收益和绿色技术创新品牌收益是驱动博弈系统向不同稳定均衡策略演进的重要动力。（2）企业绿色技术创新品牌收益和消费者绿色产品消费的经济收益是影响博弈演化系统最终向不同稳定均衡策略演进的主要因素。（3）在均衡状态（1,1,1）和均衡状态（1,0,0）下,通过促进消费者采取购买绿色产品策略对绿色技术创新系统的影响更为显著;在均衡状态（1,1,0）下,促进消费者采取购买绿色产品策略对绿色技术创新系统的影响更为显著,而提高市场规制强度和企业绿色技术创新意愿的影响效果较为微弱。     

基于产品新鲜度要求的保鲜成本投资与数量集配策略联合决策研究

文章以提供生鲜产品运输配送服务的物流企业为研究对象,考虑生鲜产品质量腐蚀特性,应用随机更新理论建立基于下游零售商产品新鲜度水平要求的保鲜投资与物流集配联合决策随机模型。模型分析指出单位时间的运输成本、集配惩罚成本与保鲜投入成本随保鲜投资决策与物流集配决策变化的内在规律。数值分析指出保鲜投资、物流集配及其联合决策的有效性和产品、成本、需求环境等参数与这些环境参数同时变化对保鲜投资决策、集配决策与企业运营成本的影响。     

产品类型差异下的消费者渠道偏好异质性 ———基于调节定向理论∗

产品类别是消费者行为研究的重要变量,消费者渠道偏好往往因为产品类别的不同而迥异。 消费者购买不同类型产品时的渠道偏好有何不同? 基于调节定向理论,引入产品实用享乐性与风险性,探 究消费者购买不同类型产品时的消费者渠道偏好差异。 围绕产品的实用享乐性、风险性与消费者渠道偏好 的调节定向匹配提出了 4 个假设,运用实验法采集数据,通过对样本数据的多项 Logistic 分析,对假设进行 了检验,并提出企业顾客管理建议,以期为企业根据产品类型区别建设渠道提供决策支持。